Thèses Saint-Paul // Saint Paul Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10393/19689

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Tripartite Anthropology In Patristic Writings: A Modern Reflection
Janjic, Sinisa; Spatafora, Andrea
This study explores the tripartite anthropology of the Church Fathers - body, soul, and spirit - as a central framework for understanding the human person in early Christian thought. Focusing on key texts by Justin Martyr, Tatian, Irenaeus, Origen, and Augustine, it asks whether there is a discernible system behind their works and does their thinking provide us with a working model of a tripartite person? Within this tripartite construct, the role of spirit is closely examined. This thesis systematizes the thoughts of the selected Church Fathers, in order to build a provisional theological model of a human being, thus providing a basis or a rationale for the foundation of the model.
Une éthique publique des sables bitumineux : enjeux de l’exploitation des ressources au Canada
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa, 2026-04-14) Bationo, William Serge; Lanoix, Monique
Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de l’éthique publique et examine les dilemmes éthiques, environnementaux et sociaux liés à l’exploitation des sables bitumineux en Alberta, qui est l’un des plus grands projets d’extraction industrielle au Canada. À travers une analyse critique, elle remet en question la légitimité de cette exploitation en se basant sur les principes de justice environnementale, d’équité intergénérationnelle et d’écologie intégrale. L’étude débute par une réflexion théorique sur l’éthique publique comme réponse aux crises écologiques actuelles. Elle fait appel à des penseurs tels que Hans Jonas, Daniel Weinstock et François Blais et Marcel Filion pour établir un cadre normatif permettant d'évaluer les politiques publiques concernant les ressources naturelles. Ensuite, la thèse retrace le développement des projets d’exploitation des sables bitumineux, identifie les principaux acteurs impliqués (États, entreprises, communautés locales et autochtones) et met en évidence les nombreux impacts de cette industrie : dégradation des écosystèmes, émissions massives de gaz à effet de serre, atteinte aux droits des peuples autochtones et conflits entre intérêts économiques à court terme et exigences de justice à long terme. La troisième partie de la recherche offre une critique éthique approfondie du modèle actuel d’exploitation. Elle s’appuie sur les concepts de justice environnementale (reconnaissance, distribution, participation), d’équité intergénérationnelle (Iris Marion Young, Hans Jonas) et du paradigme de l’écologie intégrale (inspiré par l’encyclique Laudato Si’). Ces cadres permettent de montrer que l’exploitation des sables bitumineux dépasse un simple choix économique ; elle soulève des questions essentielles de justice, de responsabilité et de durabilité. En conclusion, la thèse appelle à une révision significative des politiques énergétiques canadiennes, basée sur le respect des limites écologiques, la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones et la solidarité envers les générations futures. Elle plaide pour une éthique publique capable de guider la transition vers un modèle plus juste, durable et respectueux du bien commun.
Navigating Conflict Coverage on TikTok: Exploring Peace Journalism Practices Among Social Media Influencers
Stordy, Danielle; Epperson, Brent
This thesis examined how social media influencers (SMIs) covering international conflicts on TikTok embedded components of peace and violence within their video content. Using a qualitative-dominant method design, the Peace Journalism Model (PJM) was applied as the primary analytical coding framework and complemented with Critical Discourse Analysis for interpretive depth. Audience engagement metrics were also incorporated as a quantitative measure of content visibility and resonance. Findings indicate that SMIs incorporate elements aligned with Peace Journalism, often reflecting a justice-oriented framing that challenges dominant narratives and amplifies marginalised voices. At the same time, these coexist with violence-oriented narratives characterised by polarisation and moral absolutism. The findings are situated within broader debates on violence, identity, and peace-oriented communication through additional theoretical perspectives. The dataset presents ethical considerations and opportunities around influencer-driven communication within a social media environment shaped by algorithms, visibility, and a participatory culture. This study underscores the social and ethical responsibilities of both content creators and consumers. In addition, it offers a modernised application of the PJM to better capture the complexities of social media.
Coping differences between generations of Italo-Canadians during a Crisis of Meaning
Castelli, Samantha; Jastrzebski, Andrzej
Immigrants from all over have made the choice of leaving behind familiar and perhaps difficult circumstances in their country of origin for promises of change, economic opportunity, and long-term stability in new and foreign places. However, immigration does not come without its changes to both the immigrant and their greater environment. In the case of Italian immigrants to Canada, immigrants were shaped by the Canadian cultural landscape and the Canadian context then went on to be shaped by these very same immigrants. Over time, as Italian immigrants settled down and began to build their own families, subsequent generations found themselves navigating a dual culture. This qualitative study conducted interviews with 11 Italian-Canadian immigrants from three different generations to explore how they cope with a crisis of meaning and takes into account themes surrounding culture, coping and time. Culture was present in how participants cope and make meaning of their crises, and religious coping was present for first-generation and older individuals.
Intégrer la dimension sociale dans les modèles économiques des coopératives de travail
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) Michaud, Alexandre; Simon, Tremblay-Pepin
Ethnonationalisme et violence: des insurrections Banyamulenge aux revendications Kongo. Dilemme de sécurité intersociétal en République démocratique du Congo
Muya Cimanga, Yvon; Dieng, Moda
La présente thèse a pour objectif de comprendre la propension des groupes ethniques à adopter des attitudes ethnonationalistes lorsqu'ils se trouvent en situation d'insécurité. Elle propose une analyse axée sur les sources du conflit et suggère de considérer les doléances des organisations concernées comme un point de départ essentiel pour un examen approfondi des conflits à caractère ethnique. Une étude comparative asymétrique des cas des Banyamulenge et des Bakongo en République démocratique du Congo fournit des éléments pertinents pour appréhender la manifestation de ce phénomène. Pour éclairer les questions fréquentes concernant la tendance des groupes tels que Banyamulenge à s’engager dans la guerre et la violence, nous avons élaboré un cadre théorique centré sur le dilemme de sécurité intersociétal. Ce contexte d’incertitude et de méfiance se manifeste lorsque le pouvoir public, affaibli, fragilisé et dépourvu de ressources, devient incapable d’assurer la sécurité de tous. Un tel environnement incite inévitablement les groupes ethniques, préoccupés par leur survie, à se replier sur leur identité et à prendre des mesures pour se protéger. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons que le cycle d’insurrections des Banyamulenge dans l’est de la RDC peut être compris comme le produit de ce dilemme, bien que la recherche de gains économiques demeure la motivation centrale de certains membres de l’élite banyamulenge. Nous nous concentrons particulièrement sur la milice d’autodéfense Twirwaneho dans les hauts plateaux du Sud-Kivu, dont la composition homogène et le récit génocidaire illustrent bien cette volonté de mobilisation pour une auto-assistance. La situation des Banyamulenge est ensuite comparée à celle des Bakongo dans l’ouest du pays, dont les aspirations nationales sont plus marquées, notamment à travers le mouvement ethnoculturel Bundu Dia Kongo. Cependant, chez les Banyamulenge, il existe une influence accrue d'une ethnie tutsie parente située à l'étranger, dans la lutte pour l'autodéfense, voire l'autodétermination. Cela n’empêche pas Bundu Dia Kongo d'utiliser sa propre « coethnicité » étrangère, disséminée à travers l'ancien territoire du Royaume Kongo, comme argument pour raviver la nation kongo et envisager un avenir où les Bakongo y vivraient. Dans les deux cas, la violence est présente, bien qu'à des niveaux d'intensité différents, qu’elle émane des communautés ethniques rivales ou de l'État congolais lui-même. Cette thèse vise à apporter une contribution significative à l’étude des phénomènes ethnonationaux, en mettant en lumière l’expérience locale des communautés observées. Ce choix justifie l’adoption d’une approche phénoménologique, pertinente pour saisir les perceptions des groupes. La combinaison de cette approche avec une méthode déductive structurée autour de la théorie du dilemme de sécurité intersociétal offre une opportunité substantielle pour suivre le parcours des groupes ethniques en conflit, depuis l’expression des doléances jusqu’à l’affirmation ethno nationale ou à des attitudes considérées comme telles.
La discipline et l’application du canon 1399 du code de droit canonique face aux cas de scandales dans l’église
KINSHIE-LENYE, Patience; Nkouaya Mbandji , Valère
La disposition du c. 1399, sous l’intitulé « norme générale », marque la conclusion du Livre VI du CIC/83. Ce canon autorise l’autorité compétente à punir la violation externe d’une loi divine ou canonique, même en dehors des incriminations établies par le Code ou dans d’autres lois, à condition que cette violation soit spécialement grave et qu’il y ait urgence à prévenir ou à réparer des scandales. Il revient à l’autorité compétente de déterminer si ces critères sont satisfaits ou non. Si elle en arrive à cette conclusion, rien ne l’oblige à réagir pénalement par l’ouverture d’un procès pénal canonique. Elle peut décréter un précepte pénal ou s’en tenir à d’autres mesures disciplinaires non pénales. La peine envisagée du c. 1399 doit être juste, c’est-à-dire proportionnée à la gravité objective du scandale. Cette peine est laissée à la libre appréciation de celui qui l’inflige. S’il s’agit d’une censure, l’autorité est tenue d’avertir le coupable de mettre fin à sa contumace, et quelle que soit la peine choisie, elle ne peut pas être perpétuelle, sauf si la loi le permet. Ce canon constitue une exception, une dérogation, une atténuation ou du moins un « complément » codifié au principe juridique de la légalité des délits et des peines, principe admis par les systèmes juridiques séculiers et également inhérent au CIC/83. En droit canonique, ce principe stipule qu’aucune sanction pénale ne peut être imposée sans l’existence préalable d’un délit dont les fidèles du Christ doivent avoir connaissance. Cette disposition vise à prévenir tout risque d’arbitraire ou d’abus de pouvoir. En effet, le c. 221, §3 du CIC/83 dispose que « les fidèles ont le droit de n’être frappés de peines canoniques que selon la loi ». Cependant, il apparaît que la disposition du c. 1399 demeure pertinente : bien qu’elle constitue une exception au principe de légalité, elle se présente comme une norme appropriée qui, lorsqu’elle est appliquée avec discernement, renforce le caractère pastoral du système pénal canonique, en orientant son objectif vers le salut des âmes, tant de l’auteur du délit que de l’ensemble des fidèles.
Exploring women-led peace efforts among local communities: a case study of Goma, Eastern Congo
Mukazi Ndekezi, Peace; Onguny, Philip
Capturing the experiences and roles of women in conflict zones remains a significant challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is partly because women-led peace initiatives are poorly understood, a situation that can be attributed to several factors. First, research on the intersection of gender, conflict, and peace is limited, particularly regarding how gender equality impacts peacebuilding efforts. Second, the complex and dynamic nature of women’s peacebuilding experiences in different social contexts is rarely documented. This is partly because gendered responsibilities often shape peacebuilding agency, with women’s actions typically aligning with societal norms. Third, the informal roles that women undertake in peacebuilding are frequently overlooked. These roles are often performed by ordinary, often uneducated women who engage in everyday peace processes but remain unrecognized due to their lower social status. To address these gaps, this dissertation examines women-led peace efforts within local communities in Eastern Congo. Specifically, it analyses how women contribute to peacebuilding and how their efforts are perceived by those around them. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, drawing on interviews with 14 women peacebuilders and 3 men. These interviews explore the participants’ experiences, roles, and challenges in peacebuilding. The dissertation adopts a theoretical framework situated at the intersection of African feminism, Ubuntu, and the Ethics of Care. This framework allows for a nuanced understanding of the formality and informality of women’s roles in peacebuilding at the community level, how they engage with and navigate socio-cultural issues that act as both a community bond and a barrier to achieving particular peace goals. This includes the power relations that underpin the patriarchal systems, which are prevalent in many African societies. Despite the significant challenges associated with implementing Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) policies, the findings suggest that these policies benefit certain women peacebuilders in particular. They not only inform their work but also serve as a vital reference for emphasizing the role of women as active agents in peacebuilding. Furthermore, some peacebuilders have translated these policies into local languages to improve community understanding. However, a significant gap remains; not all women peacebuilders are aware of these policies, and there is often resistance to foreign initiatives, particularly when they do not align with local realities. The findings of this dissertation highlight the challenges that exist in Eastern Congo, such as deep-seated mistrust between and among communities. Although people may share physical spaces, they are often divided by tribal and political affiliations often create barriers to genuine community interaction. Despite pervasive social norms and the effects of patriarchy, the findings also show that Congolese women are remarkably resilient in their peacebuilding efforts. They are actively combating sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), advocating for women’s rights, and contributing to community-based peace initiatives. These efforts are deeply shaped by the socio-cultural conditions in which they live, highlighting the interplay between structural constraints and individual agency. The study also reveals that women affected by SGBV often find it easier to open up to other women, particularly within women-led groups. This level of trust highlights the pivotal role women play in supporting victims of abuse. Furthermore, the findings show that, despite traditional gender roles being deeply entrenched in the communities where the research took place, these women are challenging societal norms and demonstrating their critical role in promoting peace and social cohesion in conflict-affected communities. This challenges the conventional notion that women play a passive role in peacebuilding processes in conflict zones. The findings also suggest that women are increasingly optimistic about challenging regressive customs and practices through dialogue and informal discussions with community leaders. Women peacebuilders are gradually building trust within local communities, thereby increasing the effectiveness of their awareness-raising efforts. This demonstrates how women navigate through cultural norms to exercise their peacebuilding agency. Overall, this dissertation contributes to both the academic and policy discourse on gender, peace and conflict by reframing women as active agents in peacebuilding and offering insights to strengthen the agency of individual women peacebuilders and that of women-led peacebuilding organizations in achieving long-term peace goals. The dissertation also contributes to the broader discussions on the need to understand the everyday peace efforts of ordinary citizens in achieving peace goals, rather than focusing solely on macro-level peace deals that take place at the state level, which often do not consider micro-level contexts of peace.
Examining the “Black Box” of Spirituality in Ontario Advance Care Planning Resources: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) Nikkel, Dale; Markwell, Hazel
This thesis responds to a two-fold problem observed in the literature regarding spirituality and bioethics: that spirituality in Advance Care Planning (ACP) has been inadequately explored in the Ontario context, and that any comprehensive examination of the multidimensional and complex “black box” of spirituality in ACP must also address the interwoven themes of death and values, as well as the undercurrents of conflict in bioethics regarding spirituality’s inclusion. This thesis responds to this problem by examining the Advance Care Planning Ontario (ACPO) website utilizing a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) approach rooted in the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis/Critical Discourse Studies (CDA/CDS) focusing on the main research question: how is spirituality situated in resources found on the ACPO website? This study was undertaken in two parts: first, an analysis of the website using MCDA tools of inquiry inspired by Machin and Mayr (2023); and second, a coding process using Braun and Clarke’s (2022) reflexive thematic analysis focusing on both discourses related to spirituality, death, and values; and also the ideological assumptions observed in these discourses. Findings suggest spirituality being situated peripherally and vaguely with little articulation of its diversity. Additionally, a discourse of immanence regarding spirituality, values, and death was observed with a focus on physical aspects of ACP with little opportunity for engagement on transcendent spiritual themes in decision-making. Ideological assumptions observed impacting spirituality’s situatedness included secular, instrumental, rational, utilitarian, individualistic, and medical-legal assumptions—leanings that may exclude diverse ways of knowing and limit inclusion of diverse spiritualities in ACP. Future recommendations include a central and integral role of spirituality in all its diversity, a fuller acceptance of multidimensional aspects of death and dying central to many spiritualities, and the development of opportunities for spiritually integrated value reflection in ACP processes that invite deeper reflection regarding transcendent themes.
Using a Knowledge Translation-Integrated Approach Aimed at Helping Blended Families Flourish
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) Larrue, Stephanie; Armstrong, Laura Lynne
There are significant gaps in programming for blended families to reduce their higher risk of marital dissolution and to promote resilience. A Knowledge-Translation Integrated approach (KTI) was carried out to compare three different psychoeducational workshops developed in collaboration with and for blended families (i.e., stakeholders), adapted from family therapy models (Satir, Emotionally Focused Family Therapy, and Rational Emotive Attachment Logotherapy—now called Meaning Mindset Therapy). The KTI methodology included a qualitative needs assessment and the development of psychoeducational workshops based upon the needs assessment and these three therapy approaches. Five specific needs for blended families were derived from the literature review in addition to the needs assessment and were evaluated by the blended family stakeholders. These specific needs foundational to the development of the workshops included: maintaining a solid couple bond and parent coalition; dealing with losses, loyalties and change; managing dividing parenting/stepparenting tasks; building a new family culture and addressing stigma; and acknowledging other parents and relatives as still part of the family. Five exercises were derived from these five specific needs to develop a brief psychoeducational workshop program with each of the three proposed family therapy approaches adapted for blended families. This pilot program evaluation was conducted through three two-part workshops with nine blended families (three families per workshop type) to meet the five specific, evaluated needs from the needs assessment. The psychoeducational workshops were conducted to determine if the three approaches warranted further study or development. The pilot program also measured if meaning, well-being, attachment, and resilience improved after the workshops. Since alliance appeared to be related with meaning, well-being, attachment, and resilience, this pilot-study also accounted for alliance as a possible explanatory factor, as previous research noted that it can be a key predictor of treatment outcome. With the needs assessment, the stakeholders recommended going ahead with the implementation of the workshops evaluated. They also identified areas of targeted needs beyond the five specific needs from the literature, such as mental health support, family bonding, meaning-making and spirituality, and communication skills. After implementation of the three blended family workshops, meaning and psychological well-being improved from pre-test to post-test in both qualitative and quantitative findings for all three workshops, although alliance may have been a contributor. The qualitative findings suggested that participants wanted longer-lasting support than the conducted two-part workshop. Since all three workshops were associated with promising outcomes, a REALSELF Integrated Treatment Protocol incorporating all five exercises per each of the three workshop models is proposed for future research, after a larger scale study to support preliminary findings. This type of study, using a KTI third wave positive psychology approach with blended families including children, and in a live online format, in Canada and in the world, has never been carried out before. The applied KTI approach helps to integrate expert knowledge and needs from the blended family knowledge users. It may foster new meaning or understanding, or at least deeper collaboration between experts and blended families. In particular, the current research may shed a new light in blended family therapy research and blended family psychoeducational programs as blended families are fast becoming the most predominant form of family in Western society.
Tech, Trust, and Legitimacy: Discourse Ethics and the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Policing
Steinbachs, Janis; McLennan, Matthew
The promise of AI technology and its accompanying risks have provoked a rich debate among the community, police, philosophers, and ethicists focused on issues such as autonomy, fairness, accountability, and systemic bias. This thesis focuses on the manner in which public institutions like the police can adopt AI technology. How can Canadian police adopt AI technologies in an ethical manner that aligns with public expectations and demands in a time when the public sphere is fragmented and disrupted?
Consideration of Modern Variations and Assessment of Jus Post Bellum in Asymmetric and Protracted Conflict: A Case Study of the United States Afghanistan War (2011-2021)
Igbenabor, Anny Amalonyedue; Dr. Feist, Richard
Throughout the ages, great thinkers have grappled with the seemingly insensitive view of war that was cultivated in ancient times and the moral challenges posed by such acts. While ethical perspectives on war vary, especially in reflecting on tensions between the reality of the conflict and the humanitarian aspiration for justice and peace, they demand a consistent reflection of the complexities of war in reshaping the nature of the conflict especially the conditions that allow for the justification of war, the moral responsibilities of those involved and the consequences of war. Over the years, Just War Theory has significantly influenced international and ethical discussions about war, serving as a guiding principle for policymakers and military leaders. From its two key components jus ad bellum (the justification for going to war) and jus in bello (the justice of conduct within war), to a more contemporary addition ‘jus post bellum’, the principles of the just war theory have served as ethical guidelines in determining the justification and conduct in warfare, as well as the establishment to peace afterwards. Thus, helping to minimise the horrors of war, while maintaining a sense of moral responsibility to the parties involved. This thesis assesses both the significance and the notable shortcomings of post-war justice (jus post bellum) in contemporary asymmetric warfare and highlights the need for a more robust and effective approach to achieving justice and peace after conflict.
An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Moral Distress in Healthcare Providers (HCPs) Caring for Patients Requiring Long-term Ventilation
Mcloughlin, Paul; Markwell, Hazel
Introduction – Moral engagements are a deeply inherent and intractable component of modern healthcare practice. Challenges arise when there are multiple core values conflicting, often in an emotionally charged, confusing, and at times frightening environment. These challenges affect not only healthcare providers (HCPs) but also patients and their loved ones, healthcare organizations, and the wider community. When these ethical uncertainties, conflicts, and dilemmas are unable to be resolved satisfactorily moral suffering ensues. Moral distress is a particular form of moral suffering. Moral distress is defined as the suffering experienced because of situations in which HCPs are aware of a moral problem, assume moral responsibility for the issue, and subsequently make a moral judgment as to what they believe is the right word or action to take (or not take). However, due to internal or external constraints, real or perceived, the HCP feels they cannot act on their beliefs. The HCP then sees themselves as compromising their personal and/or professional values resulting in the phenomenon of moral distress. This moral distress may be experienced as guilt, shame, helplessness, anger, frustration, and powerlessness. There is a significant correlation between moral distress and the HCP’s emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. Purpose of research – The purpose of this research is to explore the phenomenon of moral distress, through an interdisciplinary research lens, looking at the whole multidisciplinary team caring for patients requiring long-term ventilatory support. These HCPs were drawn from the disciplines of nursing, clinical management, medicine, pharmacy, respiratory therapy, physiotherapy, spiritual care, and social work. This study is unique in exploring moral distress in this population and environment. There are many shared sequelae, symptoms, and concepts, such as powerlessness, shame, helplessness, courage, guilt, forgiveness, and non-acceptance, in the moral suffering of the alcoholic and the moral suffering of the HCP. What insights might we learn from the sufferer recovering from alcoholism who is practicing 12 Step spirituality and the HCP living with moral distress? The possible application of 12 Step spiritual principles and practices in dealing with and healing from moral distress will be explored. Deepening our understanding of moral distress may be crucial in developing effective remedies to mitigate the causes of moral distress, facilitate healing, and promoting moral resilience in our HCPs and healthcare organizations. Thus, the participants were encouraged to share their experience not only of moral distress but also how they personally made sense of and dealt with moral distress. Furthermore, they were given space to provide answers to what works at an organizational level to mitigate, process, and heal from moral distress. Methodology – An interpretative phenomenological research method was employed. This method allowed an in-depth exploration of the HCPs’ lived experience and parallels in literature with the interdisciplinary research method. It was a method ideally suited to exploring the issue of moral distress through the subjective lived experience of the phenomenon. The Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) validated questionnaire was completed and in-depth interviews undertaken to obtain a clear understanding of the person’s lived experience of the phenomenon of moral distress. Findings & Discussion – Multiple professional perspectives were obtained from the HCPs working on the unit. Two of the HCPs left the unit due to moral distress. Their testimony was rich, powerful, and furthers our understanding of moral distress in these various healthcare professions. Evidence informed personal and organizational suggestions, based on the HCP’s lived experience, are offered for dealing with and healing from moral distress. This research uniquely uncovers and highlights the epistemological and ontological difference between powerlessness and helplessness as experienced by HCPs on a long-term ventilation unit. It will be vital that we differentiate between these two concepts when discussing and treating moral distress in HCPs.
The Presumption of Imputability and the Presumption of Innocence: Two Presumption in Conflict?
Clark, James; Renken, John
In CIC/83, c. 1321, §1 states the principle often referred to as the presumption of innocence, yet §4 of the same canon states that, once an external violation of a penal law or penal precept has been proven, imputability is presumed. Though the presumption of imputability is less rigorous than the presumption of dolus in CIC/17, c. 2200, §2, some authors consider the presumption of imputability to be incompatible with the presumption of innocence. By thoroughly examining the history of presumptions, the concept of the imputability of delicts, and the historical development and content of the presumption of innocence, the Author clarifies the nature of these presumptions and how they function in penal processes. Further insights and clarifications are achieved by analyzing and responding to objections to the presumption of imputability made by J. Provost, T. Green, L. Eusebi, N. Bartone, and P. Skonieczny. This analysis leads the Author to various conclusions concerning the nature of the presumptions of innocence and imputability and how they are compatible. It is demonstrated that the presumption of innocence is not a true presumption, in the sense of a probable conjecture about an uncertain matter (see c. 1584). Rather, it is a favour of law and/or what E. Labandeira describes as a regulatory precept. It stands above the shifting burden of proof in a penal process. The Author also argues that this favour of law is not contradicted by the presumption of imputability, or even by the earlier presumption of dolus, which is still included in CCEO, c. 1414, §3. The Author further argues that the presumption of dolus in fact remains implicitly in the CIC/83. Dans le CIC/83, c. 1321, §1 énonce le principe souvent appelé la présomption d'innocence, mais le §4 du même canon stipule que, une fois qu'une violation externe d'une loi pénale ou d'un précepte pénal a été prouvée, l'imputabilité est présumée. Bien que la présomption d'imputabilité soit moins rigoureuse que la présomption de dol dans le CIC/17, c. 2200, §2, certains auteurs considèrent que la présomption d'imputabilité est incompatible avec la présomption d'innocence. En examinant en profondeur l'histoire des présomptions, le concept d'imputabilité des délits et le développement historique et le contenu de la présomption d'innocence, l'auteur clarifie la nature de ces présomptions et la manière dont elles fonctionnent dans les procédures pénales. Des éclaircissements supplémentaires sont obtenus en analysant et en répondant aux objections à la présomption d'imputabilité formulées par J. Provost, T. Green, L. Eusebi, N. Bartone et P. Skonieczny. Cette analyse conduit l'auteur à diverses conclusions concernant la nature des présomptions d'innocence et d'imputabilité et leur compatibilité. Il est démontré que la présomption d'innocence n'est pas une véritable présomption, au sens d'une conjecture probable sur une question incertaine (voir c. 1584). Il s'agit plutôt d'une faveur de la loi et/ou de ce que E. Labandeira décrit comme un précepte réglementaire. Elle se situe au-dessus du renversement de la charge de la preuve dans un processus pénal. L'auteur soutient également que cette faveur de la loi n'est pas contredite par la présomption d'imputabilité, ni même par la présomption antérieure de dolus, qui est toujours incluse dans le CCEO, c. 1414, §3. L’auteur soutient en outre que la présomption de dol demeure en fait implicite dans la CIC/83.
One Less Barrier to Alliance: Improving Outcomes of Psychotherapy and Ombuds Practice in Visible Minority Communities
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) Ismaili, Houda; Armstrong, Laura; Epperson, Brent
As psychotherapy and ombuds services become more accessible in our societies, some groups are still marginalised. Research shows that visible minorities are much less likely to report a positive outcome or even continue seeking these services after one session. Research shows that one of the main reasons for this unfortunate reality is the lack of alliance that visible minorities feel, especially when their service providers are non-minorities. Finally, research shows that a strong alliance is key to retention and positive outcomes. The current research aims to study the EASE model in psychotherapy and ombuds services; a model that emphasises empathetic listening, acknowledgement of circumstances, solving (through sensible action) and evaluating (through exploration of thoughts) (EASE). Perceived use of EASE skills in services as usual was explored in relation to alliance, mental health, and other outcomes. In study 1, the psychotherapy sample consisted of 53 participants, 28 of whom were visible minorities and 25 non-minorities; nine participants had seen psychotherapists who were visible minorities while 33 participants had seen psychotherapists who were non-minorities. In study 2, the ombuds service sample consisted of 14 participants, six of whom were visible minorities and three who were not visible minorities: three participants had seen ombuds who were visible minorities, and six participants had seen ombuds who were non-minorities. These studies used a knowledge translation integrated (KTI) and mixed methods approach. These studies included measures of alliance, EASE, Meaning Mindset, mental health, and client-rated therapist multicultural competence. The hypothesis was that participants, clients or visitors, who had worked with service providers whom they perceived to have used EASE skills would score higher on these measures, and would be more likely to complete services, rather than terminate prematurely. This research used a KTI approach to collaborate with visible minorities to improve their experience in psychotherapy and ombuds services so that they are more likely to benefit from them. This thesis is an article format thesis. The first chapter introduces psychotherapy and ombuds services with relation to the variables relevant to the current research. The second chapter is an article on study 1, concerning the psychotherapy client population. The third chapter is an article on study 2, concerning the ombuds visitor population. The fourth chapter is an overarching discussion.
KIDS HELPING OTHER KIDS DEVELOP MENTAL RESILIENCE USING A "BOOK OF LIGHT"
Galicia-Connolly, Elaine; Armstrong, Laura
Mental health education to promote resilience in children has become paramount with the increase in mental health concerns post-COVID. Resilience can be developed through problem-solving, developing self-esteem, fostering hopefulness, making sense of chaos, creativity, kindness, breaking unhealthy thought patterns, and social connections. We designed a board game called “The Book of Light” to help children externalize and look at their problems from a distance. It involved answering a challenge to help a distressed animal presented as artwork in a deck of cards. A separate deck of cards contained mindfulness and emotional regulation tools, which they had to learn and impart to the animal. The game aimed to teach children to calm themselves, express their emotions, find meaning as they practice learning to be in another child’s shoes, make friends, become more open to new experiences, and find a safe space to talk about painful or difficult situations. This study focused on piloting the game using a Knowledge Translation-Integrated (KTI) participatory action framework to ensure the game was relevant to its users and stakeholders. It was aimed particularly at helping children develop positive coping strategies for difficult life experiences. The authors used a mixed-methods, qualitative-quantitative design to determine the game’s ability to potentially improve the meaning-mindset and emotional well-being in children and their families. Surveys were given to children aged 7 to 14 years and their parents/caregivers before and after being introduced to the game to test its credibility, feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability. The adults reported that a majority of the children had experienced traumatic life events, including bullying, the death, loss or critical illness of a family member, or divorce or separation from a parent or caregiver. Analysis showed a statistically significant improvement after only a week’s interval in the parents’ emotional well-being and meaning-mindset, even if they had not actively participated in the game. Changes in meaning mindset scores favourably predicted a shift in mental health for both children and adult participants. Families rated the game as credible in doing what it set out to do (improve well-being) and found it enjoyable. Having a chance to engage in the art component of the game and share their stories appeared to be the highlight for most children. Further research should explore this game's meaning-mindset and mental health longitudinally with a larger sample size and over a more extended period.
Exploring the potential for disability justice within Canadian non-profits
(2025-05-07) Bruce, Jennifer; Wilson, Amanda
This thesis examines the implementation of a disability justice framework within non-profit organizational contexts. While the disability rights movement in Canada has achieved significant legal and policy victories, disability justice emerged as an alternative framing to center the experiences of disabled people of color and others marginalized within rights-based approaches (Sins Invalid, 2019). Despite growing scholarly attention to disability justice, there has been limited research exploring how the principles of disability justice translate into the internal organizational environment, particularly within disability non-profit settings. These types of organizations have historically been part of the disability rights movement and shaped by rights-based paradigms but are experiencing increased demands and pressure, and operating in survival mode (Kelly, 2018, 2020). Considering this broader context, this research explores the possibilities and barriers for a disability non-profit organization to adopt a disability justice framework. More specifically, it looks at how organizational transformation can be a strategy for social change by focusing on disability justice in the internal environment. Through a comparative case study of two disability-focused non-profit organizations, this research employed participatory methods to investigate the challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the framework. Ultimately, this study revealed how bureaucracy, neoliberal logics, and an entrenched rights-based framework reinforce each other to constrain non-profit organizations' capacity to fully embrace disability justice in their policies, structure, practices, and processes. Opportunities also emerged to help organizations navigate and maneuver around the external forces. Through a comparison between the organizations, and participant perspectives, a combination of cultural and structural change provided avenues for challenging ableism and pursuing social transformation from the inside.
Exploring the intersection of adverse childhood experiences and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in adulthood: Differential vulnerability and resilience factors
Robertson, Sydney; Jiang , Yuanyuan; Yamin, Stephanie
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood. Studies have shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with ADHD symptoms and emotional dysregulation. Additionally, research suggests that resilience factors may play a protective role on the impact of ACEs on ADHD symptoms and emotional dysregulation. This study investigates the relationship between ACEs with ADHD symptom severity and co-occurring Emotion Regulation (ER) in adults, and examines how resilience may moderate the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms as well as ACEs and ER in adult populations. Three hundred and six participants between the ages of 18 to 55 years with diagnosed or high self-reported ADHD symptoms completed surveys measuring ADHD symptoms, ER, ACES, and resilience. Correlational analyses examined relationships between ADHD symptoms, ACES, ER, and resilience. Significant results showed a negative association between ACES and ER, ADHD symptoms and ER, and ACEs and resilience, along with a positive relationship between resilience and ER. Additionally, exploratory analyses demonstrated that ACEs were associated with the Predominantly Inattentive Presentation of ADHD, and that resilience specific to family cohesion and social resources were potential moderators. These findings highlight the complex interplay between ACEs, resilience, and ADHD symptoms.
Gifted children: What and how to care?
WANG, LONGFEI; Armstrong, Armstrong
Gifted children may have a greater risk of experiencing mental health and socio-behavioural issues than the general child population. The present study investigates the protective and risk factors for the mental health and sleep patterns of gifted children and aims to determine if Meaning Mindset (MM), Mental Wellbeing (MWB), Sleep Patterns, Social Support, and Strengths and Challenges among gifted children are interrelated. Participants (N=17, 12 boys, 5 girls, Mage = 11.50 years, SD = 3.78 years) are gifted children (IQ ≥130) recruited through 25 Facebook pages for parents of gifted children across Canada, Association for Bright Children branches across Ontario, and an association for Gifted Education. Primary caregivers provided ratings of child sleep patterns and disruptions using a sleep log and descriptions of their children’s Gifted Strengths and Challenges (GSC). Demographic questions were also asked. Gifted children provided ratings of their MM and their MWB. Results from this study indicated that children’s IQ scores were significantly inversely associated with MM, positively associated with frequency of nighttime awakenings and with GSC, but, notably, do not suggest any significant relationships with total sleep duration and MWB. Further, GSC was inversely associated with MWB and MM, as well as positively associated with IQ score and night awakenings. Notably, the findings from this study also highlight the moderating role of GSC not only in the relationship between child sleep duration and MM but also in the relationship between total sleep duration and child-reported MWB. Additionally, a mediation analysis revealed the mediating role of MM in the relationship between GSC and MWB. These results provide valuable insights into both the protective and risk factors that could potentially influence the well-being of gifted children.
Gifted children: What and how to care?
Wang, Longfei; Armstrong, Laura
Gifted children may have a greater risk of experiencing mental health and socio-behavioural issues than the general child population. The present study investigates the protective and risk factors for the mental health and sleep patterns of gifted children and aims to determine if Meaning Mindset (MM), Mental Wellbeing (MWB), Sleep Patterns, Social Support, and Strengths and Challenges among gifted children are interrelated. Participants (N=17, 12 boys, 5 girls, Mage = 11.50 years, SD = 3.78 years) are gifted children (IQ ≥130) recruited through 25 Facebook pages for parents of gifted children across Canada, Association for Bright Children branches across Ontario, and an association for Gifted Education. Primary caregivers provided ratings of child sleep patterns and disruptions using a sleep log and descriptions of their children’s Gifted Strengths and Challenges (GSC). Demographic questions were also asked. Gifted children provided ratings of their MM and their MWB. Results from this study indicated that children’s IQ scores were significantly inversely associated with MM, positively associated with frequency of nighttime awakenings and with GSC, but, notably, do not suggest any significant relationships with total sleep duration and MWB. Further, GSC was inversely associated with MWB and MM, as well as positively associated with IQ score and night awakenings. Notably, the findings from this study also highlight the moderating role of GSC not only in the relationship between child sleep duration and MM but also in the relationship between total sleep duration and child-reported MWB. Additionally, a mediation analysis revealed the mediating role of MM in the relationship between GSC and MWB. These results provide valuable insights into both the protective and risk factors that could potentially influence the well-being of gifted children.

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