Thèses Saint-Paul // Saint Paul Theses

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"Dans le monde, mais pas du monde" : critique du monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor
Rochon, Anne; Cloutier, Sophie
Cette thèse de maîtrise porte sur la dialectique de l’Un et du multiple, en particulier sur l’appel de l’agent catholique à être « dans le monde, mais pas du monde », soit à réconcilier sa croyance religieuse au contexte séculier d’une société occidentale. Cette réconciliation s’opère par un arrimage de la théologie à la philosophie. La thèse propose d’éprouver le monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor, tel que déployé dans la cinquième partie de L’âge séculier, qui porte sur les conditions de la croyance. Elle propose notamment d’évaluer la mesure dans laquelle la position de Taylor permet à l’agent catholique de remplir sa vocation de fidèle laïc. Structurée en cinq chapitres, la thèse aborde premièrement le monisme dans la théologie catholique, tel qu’on le trouve chez Augustin d’Hippone et Thomas d’Aquin. Deuxièmement, elle présente un survol de quelques philosophies monistes triées sur le volet. Troisièmement, elle étudie les implications philosophiques et théologiques du monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor et en évalue les limites pratiques, surtout dans le cas de dilemmes moraux. La thèse présente ensuite trois interprétations alternatives de la dialectique de l’Un et du multiple, soit les monothéismes pluramoniste, pluraliste et nihiliste, avant d’en dresser les limites. Pour terminer, elle propose une voie jugée optimale, soit le monothéisme non moniste. Ce dernier permet le mieux à l’agent de remplir sa vocation de fidèle laïc et de réconcilier les tensions entre la théorie et la pratique ainsi qu’entre la transcendance et l’immanence.
The co-occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Investigating lived experiences of psychotherapy and sources of resilience
(Université Saint-Paul / Saint Paul University, 2026-05-13) Asif, Samrah; Jiang, Yuanyuan
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) that can co-occur. This link has only been formally recognized in the past decade, as it was not until the publication of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 that these conditions could be diagnosed together. Although more recent research has outlined the prevalence and challenges of this co-occurrence (Hours et al., 2022), limited research has captured how adults with such dual presentations experience psychotherapy. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of adults with co-occurring ASD and ADHD who have received psychotherapy. Five participants completed a demographics questionnaire and a 60-minute semi-structured individual interview, exploring their experiences with psychotherapy as well as sources of resilience. Interviews were analyzed using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) framework. Themes gathered included both positive and challenging experiences with therapy, sources of resilience, as well as participant recommendations. A total of 11 subordinate themes were identified, highlighting the importance of therapeutic alliance, individualized adaptations, and accessibility in psychotherapy for this population. Results of this study further broadens current understanding of therapeutic practices both clinically and scientifically, through better understanding lived experiences of a unique population. The findings represent an important step towards promoting future research and providing clinical guidance for neurodiversity-affirming interventions.
DISMISSAL OF A MEMBER FROM A RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE ACCORDING TO THE CCEO AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE BASILIAN ORDER OF SAINT JOSAPHAT
(2026-05-13) Dutka, Damian Mykhaylo; Nobel, Michael-Andreas
This study explores and analyzes the substantive law of the CCEO and the proper law of the Apostolic See as it pertains to the extra-judicial and penal judicial processes. The study investigates when a member belonging to a religious institute, i.e., monasteries, orders and congregations of pontifical right, patriarchal and/or eparchial right commits offenses, crimes or delicts, including the graviora delicta reserved to the DDF, which could result in a dismissal of a member from their respective religious institute. Moreover, this study is focused on the application of norms of canon law to the dismissal of religious members from the Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat, which is a male clerical Order of a pontifical right in the Byzantine tradition in Canada following the Rules: The Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat. This study determines the competent authority or proper tribunal, which has the competence to dismiss a guilty member from a religious institute, as well as attempting to demonstrate the cooperation between hierarch and major superiors in the dismissal process. A major superior bears the responsibility of using discretion in the application of executive power. This responsibility is to be enforced with justice, equity and charity deemed to be appropriate for the circumstances of the case of an individual who may be dismissed. The uniqueness of the Eastern Code ensures that any case of dismissal of a member from a religious institute may be considered judicially. This study describes the structure of a religious tribunal, and it provides the challenge for the Basilian Order to establish a tribunal and establish the appropriate statutes for the tribunal. Cette étude explore et analyse le droit substantiel du CCEO et le droit propre du Siège apostolique en ce qui concerne les procédures extrajudiciaires et pénales. Cette thèse examine dans quels cas membre d’un institut religieux – c’est-à-dire les monastères, les ordres et les congrégations de droit pontifical, patriarcal et/ou éparchial – commet des infractions, des crimes ou des délits, y compris les graviora delicta réservés au DDF, sur le renvoi d’un membre de l’institut religieux respectif. En outre, cette étude se concentre sur l’application des normes du droit commun sur le renvoi des membres religieux de l’Ordre basilien de Saint-Josaphat, en tant qu’ordre clérical masculin de droit pontifical dans la tradition byzantine au Canada, conformément aux Règles : L’Ordre basilien de Saint-Josaphat. Cette étude détermine l’autorité compétente, le tribunal approprié, qui a le pouvoir de renvoyer un membre coupable de l'institut religieux, et elle démontre la coopération entre la hiérarchie et les supérieurs majeurs dans le cadre du processus de renvoi. Un supérieur majeur a la responsabilité d’exercer son pouvoir exécutif de manière discrétionnaire. Cette responsabilité doit être exercé avec justice, équité et charité, ce qui est jugé approprié compte tenu des circonstances du cas d'une personne qui a été renvoyée. La particularité du code oriental garantit que tout cas d’un renvoi d’un membre de l'institut religieux peut être examiné par un procés judiciaire. Cette étude décrit la structure d’un tribunal religieux et présente le défi que représente pour l’ordre basilien la création d’un tribunal et l’établissement de ses statuts.
Préjugés en milieu de travail : impact sur les femmes racialisées
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa, 2026-05-13) Roswell, Valérie-Clara; Sula-Raxhimi, Enkelejda
De nombreux employeurs ont mis en place des mesures visant à prévenir la discrimination en milieu de travail. Néanmoins, plusieurs travailleurs sont victimes de discrimination raciale et de sexisme. Les femmes racialisées sont particulièrement affectées par ces pratiques discriminatoires. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les conséquences des préjugés sur les femmes racialisées en milieu de travail au Canada, à la fois dans le secteur public et privé. Dans cette étude, nous privilégions la théorie de la discrimination raciale avancée par les auteurs Shalla et Clement (2007) et de l’intersectionnalité conceptualisée par Kimberley Crenshaw (1989) afin de pouvoir construire notre objet de recherche. Les entretiens approfondis avec 30 femmes racialisées, employées dans le secteur public et privé, des sources secondaires et une revue de la littérature ont permis une analyse fine des pratiques discriminatoires et préjugés qui produisent de la discrimination raciale au milieu du travail, affectent l’estime de soi des femmes racialisées. À son tour, le manque de confiance peut les conduire à nier leur identité dans divers aspects de leur vie incluant leur culture afin d’être socialement acceptées au sein de l’environnement de travail.
The relational mediation approach through the lens of intersubjectivity: The promises and limits
(2026-05-13) Dupuis, Natalie; Tessier, Helene
This thesis endeavours to make a critical assessment of the relational mediation approach and discerns gaps that remain insufficiently accounted for in the models selected. Accounting for these gaps and how they impact relational mediation processes creates opportunities to improve and further develop relational mediation theories. Further development in the theory may thus equip mediators with additional aptitudes for assessing how they can best assist parties with unique needs and help to determine if the conditions for mediation are propitious for success. Using an interdisciplinary approach to understanding relational mediation practice, this thesis develops a view of relational mediation models as distinctly phenomenological in orientation with the ultimate goal being the emergence of a new intersubjective understanding between parties in conflict. However, in addition to enriching the description of relational mediation practices, theories of intersubjectivity also offer an analysis that includes dimensions of conflict that may prove to be resistant to developing new intersubjective understanding between parties in conflict and thus, may resist resolution when certain approaches are used. This thesis employs a three-part structure. The first part of this thesis lays the foundation for the development of the argument, namely that conflict is experienced through the lens of subjectivity and that relational mediation tends to work in this realm. Working under the assumption that conflict is created in the subjective experiences of parties, mediation presumes that addressing conflict through the subjective experiences of the parties offers a suitable path to resolution. Furthermore, this thesis offers a review of how the conflict studies field views success in mediation and the various mediation models developed in various contexts and narrows the field of inquiry to a particular mediation approach, the relational mediation approach. The relational mediation approach, consisting of a series of mediation models, describes an approach to conflict resolution that presumes that while people are concerned with their own interests, they also are simultaneously concerned with the interests of others. This mutual-concern approach stands in contrast to individualist interpretations of conflict resolution as a problem-solving approach that prioritizes having one's own needs met with minimal concern for the interests of the other party. In this thesis, the scope for examination is narrowed to the transformative, insight, narrative, and nonviolent communication models of mediation as they share the relational orientation to their respective theories and practices. Having narrowed and clearly defined the goals of relational mediation models, the second part of this thesis situates relational mediation practices within the phenomenological approach to conflict resolution. This approach explores conflict through the lens of first-person experience using methods familiar to phenomenologists. Using a phenomenological approach, relational mediators seek to guide mutual understanding between parties about how the conflict has presented itself to each party. Thus, this thesis further contends that relational mediators are unknowingly working with theories of intersubjectivity to guide parties toward new shared understandings of self, other, and the conflict as they promote mutual cognitive and empathic understanding. Indeed, the mediator is equally participatory in this intersubjective understanding as it is often considered as an integral part of the mediation process. Having established that relational mediation models employ their own version of theories of intersubjectivity, the final part of this thesis uses literature from theories of intersubjectivity to discern likely blocks to intersubjective understanding. With the definition of these blocks established through the lens of intersubjectivity, this thesis contends that some conflicts are inherently resistant to resolution through mediation because of individual dispositions or structural influences on the parties and their conflicts. This thesis contends that applying the lens of theories of intersubjectivity to relational mediation theories and practices provides new paths in mediation’s theoretical and practical maturation and adds to the tools mediators may already be applying. Specifically, theories of intersubjectivity shed light on the quality of dynamics mediators seek to prompt during a mediation process. However, theories of intersubjectivity also point toward explanations about party dispositions and contexts that are likely to contribute to mediation failure. Exploring these dimensions of relational mediation approaches offers paths for mediator development to help them address these challenges in mediation or to help to guide them in determining whether a conflict should be referred to another dispute resolution mechanism.
Where Participation and Tokenism Meet: An Analysis of “Meaningful Participation” in Peace and Security
(Université Saint-Paul / Saint Paul University, 2026-05-13) Leclerc, Katrina; Eaton, Heather
This dissertation examines the gap between the policy commitment to participation in peace and security and the lived realities of those most frequently positioned as its subjects. Focusing on young women peacebuilders operating at the intersection of the United Nations’ Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and Youth, Peace and Security (YPS) policies, the study asks how meaningful participation is understood, experienced, and negotiated in practice. While participation is repeatedly invoked as a normative good within global peace and security frameworks, it is rarely theorized beyond procedural inclusion or measured in ways that capture influence, accountability, or power. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews and sustained practitioner-researcher engagement across multiple regions, this research centres young women as analysts of participation rather than merely its beneficiaries. The findings reveal that participation is frequently experienced as conditional, extractive, and uneven, shaped by intersecting hierarchies of age, gender, language, education, sexuality, and institutional legitimacy. The dissertation demonstrates how participatory processes often prioritize visibility over authority, consultation over co-creation, and access over influence, reproducing exclusion even within inclusion-focused frameworks. The study advances a relational understanding of participation, arguing that meaningful participation cannot be reduced to presence or representation alone. It introduces the “Triangle of Meaningful Participation” as an analytical model identifying three enabling conditions: co-creation, influence over outcomes, and a feedback loop. By reframing participation as a relational and political practice rather than a technical procedure, the dissertation contributes to feminist, decolonial, and critical peacebuilding scholarship and offers policy-relevant insights for rethinking participation within WPS and YPS agendas.
"Dans le monde, mais pas du monde" : critique du monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor
Rochon, Anne; Cloutier, Sophie
Cette thèse de maîtrise porte sur la dialectique de l’Un et du multiple, en particulier sur l’appel de l’agent catholique à être « dans le monde, mais pas du monde », soit à réconcilier sa croyance religieuse au contexte séculier d’une société occidentale. Cette réconciliation s’opère par un arrimage de la théologie à la philosophie. La thèse propose d’éprouver le monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor, tel que déployé dans la cinquième partie de L’âge séculier, qui porte sur les conditions de la croyance. Elle propose notamment d’évaluer la mesure dans laquelle la position de Taylor permet à l’agent catholique de remplir sa vocation de fidèle laïc. Structurée en cinq chapitres, la thèse aborde premièrement le monisme dans la théologie catholique, tel qu’on le trouve chez Augustin d’Hippone et Thomas d’Aquin. Deuxièmement, elle présente un survol de quelques philosophies monistes triées sur le volet. Troisièmement, elle étudie les implications philosophiques et théologiques du monothéisme moniste de Charles Taylor et en évalue les limites pratiques, surtout dans le cas de dilemmes moraux. La thèse présente ensuite trois interprétations alternatives de la dialectique de l’Un et du multiple, soit les monothéismes pluramoniste, pluraliste et nihiliste, avant d’en dresser les limites. Pour terminer, elle propose une voie jugée optimale, soit le monothéisme non moniste. Ce dernier permet le mieux à l’agent de remplir sa vocation de fidèle laïc et de réconcilier les tensions entre la théorie et la pratique ainsi qu’entre la transcendance et l’immanence.
Exploring the Relationships between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Mental Health, Impairment, and Sexual Dysfunction
(Université Saint-Paul / Saint Paul University, 2026-05-13) Sag, Nurulhuda Candice; Jiang, Yuanyuan
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurs in adulthood, yet its association with sexual dysfunction remains insufficiently understood. The present study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design to examine associations among ADHD symptoms and sexual dysfunction in adults. The relationship between sexual dysfunction and other variables, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as functional impairment, were assessed as well. A total of 197 participants (147 females, 50 males; ages 19-48) from university and community settings completed a series of online self-report measures assessing ADHD symptom severity, anxiety and depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and sex-specific sexual functioning. Separate analyses were conducted for female and male participants using linear regression models. ADHD symptom severity was not significantly associated with sexual functioning in either females or males. Depressive symptoms were also not associated with sexual functioning in either group. Higher anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with lower sexual functioning among females, but not among males. Across both males and females, higher functional impairment was associated with sexual dysfunction. Results highlight the importance of considering functional impairment and anxiety in particular when examining sexual dysfunction in individuals. Implications for clinical assessment and future research directions are discussed.
CANADIAN PETS: The Argument for the Extension of Universal Healthcare to Non-Human Animal Companions
(2026-05-13) Rojas Hruska, Gabriel; McLennan, Matthew
Companion non-human (n-h) animals, more commonly referred to as pets, should be granted species-appropriate healthcare benefits comparable to those of humans. In Canada, this would be most feasible through an insurance scheme such as those provided to human residents through provincial and territorial health care plans operating under the auspices of the Canada Health Act (CHA) – which is a federal act. This argument can be made in several ways, the strongest of which adopts the bundle theory of legal personhood articulated by Visa Anton Julius Kurki. (2023; 2025) In order to demonstrate the value of this approach, it is also necessary to review the strengths and weaknesses of other arguments that may lead to similar outcomes, though without being directly entangled with the CHA or personhood in the same way, throughout this text. This work follows a specific trajectory: Introduction, (Chapter 1) key definitions and context, (Chapter 2) a review of historical and contemporary arguments for and against the mattering of non-human animals, (Chapter 3) a review of the bundle theory of legal personhood and non-human citizenship theory, (Chapter 4) a comparative assessment of the arguments for pet healthcare in Canada, (Chapter 5) pragmatic considerations – how healthcare coverage works in Canada and the implications of the different arguments for extending such services to n-h animal companions, and finally, the Conclusion – that expanding coverage to pets through the CHA would require recognition of n-h animal companion personhood as such is requisite for legal resident status in Canada. Further, that doing so aligns with utilitarian, Buddhist, care, and neo-Kantian ethics, the Capabilities Approach, Mitsein and recognition-based frameworks, as well as the relational theory of political n-h animal rights put forth by Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka in Zoopolis (2014).
Breaking the Silence: Women's Experiences of Christian Gender and Sexuality and Sexual Assault
(2026-05-13) Wack, Amy; Maisha, Buuma
Women survivors of sexual assault who have been exposed to Christian teachings often grapple with religious narratives that shape how they interpret their experience and heal from the assault. Previous qualitative research has examined how survivors of sexual assault are impacted by Christian teachings about sexuality or gender in specific populations (e.g. Christian denominations, those abused by clergy, etc.), but has yet to examine the similarities and differences between experiences of women from different denominations or those assaulted by non-clergy or clergy members. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with five women who self-identified as survivors of sexual assault, whether by clergy or other individuals, and who were also exposed to Christian teachings on sexuality or gender. Following an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach, the interviews were analyzed to explore how the participants made meaning of their experiences. Five superordinate themes emerged from the interviews: Vulnerability, Perceptions, Impacts, Navigating Disclosure, and Pathways to Healing. These findings were discussed through a feminist theory of trauma as a model for how psychotherapists can best support this population.
The difference that friends can make: A study on the transition to university for students with and without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(Université Saint-Paul / Saint Paul University, 2026-05-13) Cho, Carrie; Jiang, Yuanyuan
There is limited research on the importance of friendship quality for students with ADHD, and which friendship quality dimensions are most implicated. An online questionnaire was completed by 350 second- and third-year university students with and without ADHD that measured students’ adjustment to university, the quality of a close friendship at university, and ADHD symptomatology. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that overall friendship quality predicted improved adjustment to university for students with and without ADHD. Individual friendship dimensions of stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, self-validation, emotional security, and reliable alliance predicted better adjustment to university for students with and without ADHD. ADHD symptomatology was not a moderator in the link between university adjustment and overall friendship quality. Using correlational analyses, it was found that for students with ADHD, the friendship dimensions of help, self-validation, and emotional security were related to increased university adjustment. For students without ADHD, the friendship dimensions of stimulating companionship, intimacy, reliable alliance, and self-validation were associated with better adjustment to university. Findings can support the advancement of research and inform potential differentiation of student interventions, resources, and services.
The Canonical Institute of Separation of Spouses with the Bond Remaining and Civil Separation and Divorce in the United States of America: Canonical Development Since the Late Nineteenth Century with Particular Reference to the Archdiocese of Chicago
Gardiner, Vincent; Kowal, Wojciech
This thesis examines the canonical institute of separation of spouses with the bond remaining, tracing its historical development, legislative evolution, and practical application, with particular attention to the United States from the late nineteenth century through the promulgation of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Rooted in medieval concepts drawn from property and contract law, separation developed as a juridical means of regulating the rights and obligations of the common life while preserving the indissolubility of the marital bond. Although formally distinct from civil divorce and civil separation, the canonical treatment of separation became increasingly intertwined with questions of recourse to the civil authorities in late nineteenth- and twentieth-century canonical literature. The study highlights the tension between universal ecclesiastical law and American particular practice, marked by the watershed of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (1884). It identifies the emergence of a widespread but unfounded norm in American canonical discourse: the transformation of the Council’s requirement of consultation prior to civil separation into an alleged obligation to obtain episcopal permission for civil separation and divorce. The thesis demonstrates that this interpretation was not grounded in the legislative text itself, but arose from a convergence of misapplied Roman responses—originally shaped by the political circumstances of France—and pastoral concern in the United States over the increasing prevalence of civil divorce. The transition from the 1917 Code to the 1983 Code of Canon Law is then examined, with particular attention to the movement away from a fault-based and penal framework toward a personalist understanding of marriage and an explicit preference for civil authorities to adjudicate the civil effects of separation. A detailed case study of the Separation Court of the Archdiocese of Chicago (1940s–1985) provides insight into the Church’s application of norms regarding separation and divorce, describing an institution created to address a specific juridical context and tracing its continued operation after that context had substantially changed. Publications, administrative documents and records from real cases are compared to the procedural and substantive norms. The thesis concludes that the disappearance of such institutions, together with developments in codified law, reflects a reconfiguration of jurisdiction rather than a repudiation of principles. It thus raises broader questions about the conditions under which canonical norms concerning separation of spouses with the bond remaining can function as operative law in contemporary ecclesial and civil contexts.
Tripartite Anthropology In Patristic Writings: A Modern Reflection
Janjic, Sinisa; Spatafora, Andrea
This study explores the tripartite anthropology of the Church Fathers - body, soul, and spirit - as a central framework for understanding the human person in early Christian thought. Focusing on key texts by Justin Martyr, Tatian, Irenaeus, Origen, and Augustine, it asks whether there is a discernible system behind their works and does their thinking provide us with a working model of a tripartite person? Within this tripartite construct, the role of spirit is closely examined. This thesis systematizes the thoughts of the selected Church Fathers, in order to build a provisional theological model of a human being, thus providing a basis or a rationale for the foundation of the model.
Une éthique publique des sables bitumineux : enjeux de l’exploitation des ressources au Canada
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa, 2026-04-14) Bationo, William Serge; Lanoix, Monique
Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de l’éthique publique et examine les dilemmes éthiques, environnementaux et sociaux liés à l’exploitation des sables bitumineux en Alberta, qui est l’un des plus grands projets d’extraction industrielle au Canada. À travers une analyse critique, elle remet en question la légitimité de cette exploitation en se basant sur les principes de justice environnementale, d’équité intergénérationnelle et d’écologie intégrale. L’étude débute par une réflexion théorique sur l’éthique publique comme réponse aux crises écologiques actuelles. Elle fait appel à des penseurs tels que Hans Jonas, Daniel Weinstock et François Blais et Marcel Filion pour établir un cadre normatif permettant d'évaluer les politiques publiques concernant les ressources naturelles. Ensuite, la thèse retrace le développement des projets d’exploitation des sables bitumineux, identifie les principaux acteurs impliqués (États, entreprises, communautés locales et autochtones) et met en évidence les nombreux impacts de cette industrie : dégradation des écosystèmes, émissions massives de gaz à effet de serre, atteinte aux droits des peuples autochtones et conflits entre intérêts économiques à court terme et exigences de justice à long terme. La troisième partie de la recherche offre une critique éthique approfondie du modèle actuel d’exploitation. Elle s’appuie sur les concepts de justice environnementale (reconnaissance, distribution, participation), d’équité intergénérationnelle (Iris Marion Young, Hans Jonas) et du paradigme de l’écologie intégrale (inspiré par l’encyclique Laudato Si’). Ces cadres permettent de montrer que l’exploitation des sables bitumineux dépasse un simple choix économique ; elle soulève des questions essentielles de justice, de responsabilité et de durabilité. En conclusion, la thèse appelle à une révision significative des politiques énergétiques canadiennes, basée sur le respect des limites écologiques, la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones et la solidarité envers les générations futures. Elle plaide pour une éthique publique capable de guider la transition vers un modèle plus juste, durable et respectueux du bien commun.
Navigating Conflict Coverage on TikTok: Exploring Peace Journalism Practices Among Social Media Influencers
Stordy, Danielle; Epperson, Brent
This thesis examined how social media influencers (SMIs) covering international conflicts on TikTok embedded components of peace and violence within their video content. Using a qualitative-dominant method design, the Peace Journalism Model (PJM) was applied as the primary analytical coding framework and complemented with Critical Discourse Analysis for interpretive depth. Audience engagement metrics were also incorporated as a quantitative measure of content visibility and resonance. Findings indicate that SMIs incorporate elements aligned with Peace Journalism, often reflecting a justice-oriented framing that challenges dominant narratives and amplifies marginalised voices. At the same time, these coexist with violence-oriented narratives characterised by polarisation and moral absolutism. The findings are situated within broader debates on violence, identity, and peace-oriented communication through additional theoretical perspectives. The dataset presents ethical considerations and opportunities around influencer-driven communication within a social media environment shaped by algorithms, visibility, and a participatory culture. This study underscores the social and ethical responsibilities of both content creators and consumers. In addition, it offers a modernised application of the PJM to better capture the complexities of social media.
Coping differences between generations of Italo-Canadians during a Crisis of Meaning
Castelli, Samantha; Jastrzebski, Andrzej
Immigrants from all over have made the choice of leaving behind familiar and perhaps difficult circumstances in their country of origin for promises of change, economic opportunity, and long-term stability in new and foreign places. However, immigration does not come without its changes to both the immigrant and their greater environment. In the case of Italian immigrants to Canada, immigrants were shaped by the Canadian cultural landscape and the Canadian context then went on to be shaped by these very same immigrants. Over time, as Italian immigrants settled down and began to build their own families, subsequent generations found themselves navigating a dual culture. This qualitative study conducted interviews with 11 Italian-Canadian immigrants from three different generations to explore how they cope with a crisis of meaning and takes into account themes surrounding culture, coping and time. Culture was present in how participants cope and make meaning of their crises, and religious coping was present for first-generation and older individuals.
Intégrer la dimension sociale dans les modèles économiques des coopératives de travail
(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) Michaud, Alexandre; Simon, Tremblay-Pepin
Ethnonationalisme et violence: des insurrections Banyamulenge aux revendications Kongo. Dilemme de sécurité intersociétal en République démocratique du Congo
Muya Cimanga, Yvon; Dieng, Moda
La présente thèse a pour objectif de comprendre la propension des groupes ethniques à adopter des attitudes ethnonationalistes lorsqu'ils se trouvent en situation d'insécurité. Elle propose une analyse axée sur les sources du conflit et suggère de considérer les doléances des organisations concernées comme un point de départ essentiel pour un examen approfondi des conflits à caractère ethnique. Une étude comparative asymétrique des cas des Banyamulenge et des Bakongo en République démocratique du Congo fournit des éléments pertinents pour appréhender la manifestation de ce phénomène. Pour éclairer les questions fréquentes concernant la tendance des groupes tels que Banyamulenge à s’engager dans la guerre et la violence, nous avons élaboré un cadre théorique centré sur le dilemme de sécurité intersociétal. Ce contexte d’incertitude et de méfiance se manifeste lorsque le pouvoir public, affaibli, fragilisé et dépourvu de ressources, devient incapable d’assurer la sécurité de tous. Un tel environnement incite inévitablement les groupes ethniques, préoccupés par leur survie, à se replier sur leur identité et à prendre des mesures pour se protéger. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons que le cycle d’insurrections des Banyamulenge dans l’est de la RDC peut être compris comme le produit de ce dilemme, bien que la recherche de gains économiques demeure la motivation centrale de certains membres de l’élite banyamulenge. Nous nous concentrons particulièrement sur la milice d’autodéfense Twirwaneho dans les hauts plateaux du Sud-Kivu, dont la composition homogène et le récit génocidaire illustrent bien cette volonté de mobilisation pour une auto-assistance. La situation des Banyamulenge est ensuite comparée à celle des Bakongo dans l’ouest du pays, dont les aspirations nationales sont plus marquées, notamment à travers le mouvement ethnoculturel Bundu Dia Kongo. Cependant, chez les Banyamulenge, il existe une influence accrue d'une ethnie tutsie parente située à l'étranger, dans la lutte pour l'autodéfense, voire l'autodétermination. Cela n’empêche pas Bundu Dia Kongo d'utiliser sa propre « coethnicité » étrangère, disséminée à travers l'ancien territoire du Royaume Kongo, comme argument pour raviver la nation kongo et envisager un avenir où les Bakongo y vivraient. Dans les deux cas, la violence est présente, bien qu'à des niveaux d'intensité différents, qu’elle émane des communautés ethniques rivales ou de l'État congolais lui-même. Cette thèse vise à apporter une contribution significative à l’étude des phénomènes ethnonationaux, en mettant en lumière l’expérience locale des communautés observées. Ce choix justifie l’adoption d’une approche phénoménologique, pertinente pour saisir les perceptions des groupes. La combinaison de cette approche avec une méthode déductive structurée autour de la théorie du dilemme de sécurité intersociétal offre une opportunité substantielle pour suivre le parcours des groupes ethniques en conflit, depuis l’expression des doléances jusqu’à l’affirmation ethno nationale ou à des attitudes considérées comme telles.
La discipline et l’application du canon 1399 du code de droit canonique face aux cas de scandales dans l’église
KINSHIE-LENYE, Patience; Nkouaya Mbandji , Valère
La disposition du c. 1399, sous l’intitulé « norme générale », marque la conclusion du Livre VI du CIC/83. Ce canon autorise l’autorité compétente à punir la violation externe d’une loi divine ou canonique, même en dehors des incriminations établies par le Code ou dans d’autres lois, à condition que cette violation soit spécialement grave et qu’il y ait urgence à prévenir ou à réparer des scandales. Il revient à l’autorité compétente de déterminer si ces critères sont satisfaits ou non. Si elle en arrive à cette conclusion, rien ne l’oblige à réagir pénalement par l’ouverture d’un procès pénal canonique. Elle peut décréter un précepte pénal ou s’en tenir à d’autres mesures disciplinaires non pénales. La peine envisagée du c. 1399 doit être juste, c’est-à-dire proportionnée à la gravité objective du scandale. Cette peine est laissée à la libre appréciation de celui qui l’inflige. S’il s’agit d’une censure, l’autorité est tenue d’avertir le coupable de mettre fin à sa contumace, et quelle que soit la peine choisie, elle ne peut pas être perpétuelle, sauf si la loi le permet. Ce canon constitue une exception, une dérogation, une atténuation ou du moins un « complément » codifié au principe juridique de la légalité des délits et des peines, principe admis par les systèmes juridiques séculiers et également inhérent au CIC/83. En droit canonique, ce principe stipule qu’aucune sanction pénale ne peut être imposée sans l’existence préalable d’un délit dont les fidèles du Christ doivent avoir connaissance. Cette disposition vise à prévenir tout risque d’arbitraire ou d’abus de pouvoir. En effet, le c. 221, §3 du CIC/83 dispose que « les fidèles ont le droit de n’être frappés de peines canoniques que selon la loi ». Cependant, il apparaît que la disposition du c. 1399 demeure pertinente : bien qu’elle constitue une exception au principe de légalité, elle se présente comme une norme appropriée qui, lorsqu’elle est appliquée avec discernement, renforce le caractère pastoral du système pénal canonique, en orientant son objectif vers le salut des âmes, tant de l’auteur du délit que de l’ensemble des fidèles.
Exploring women-led peace efforts among local communities: a case study of Goma, Eastern Congo
Mukazi Ndekezi, Peace; Onguny, Philip
Capturing the experiences and roles of women in conflict zones remains a significant challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is partly because women-led peace initiatives are poorly understood, a situation that can be attributed to several factors. First, research on the intersection of gender, conflict, and peace is limited, particularly regarding how gender equality impacts peacebuilding efforts. Second, the complex and dynamic nature of women’s peacebuilding experiences in different social contexts is rarely documented. This is partly because gendered responsibilities often shape peacebuilding agency, with women’s actions typically aligning with societal norms. Third, the informal roles that women undertake in peacebuilding are frequently overlooked. These roles are often performed by ordinary, often uneducated women who engage in everyday peace processes but remain unrecognized due to their lower social status. To address these gaps, this dissertation examines women-led peace efforts within local communities in Eastern Congo. Specifically, it analyses how women contribute to peacebuilding and how their efforts are perceived by those around them. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, drawing on interviews with 14 women peacebuilders and 3 men. These interviews explore the participants’ experiences, roles, and challenges in peacebuilding. The dissertation adopts a theoretical framework situated at the intersection of African feminism, Ubuntu, and the Ethics of Care. This framework allows for a nuanced understanding of the formality and informality of women’s roles in peacebuilding at the community level, how they engage with and navigate socio-cultural issues that act as both a community bond and a barrier to achieving particular peace goals. This includes the power relations that underpin the patriarchal systems, which are prevalent in many African societies. Despite the significant challenges associated with implementing Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) policies, the findings suggest that these policies benefit certain women peacebuilders in particular. They not only inform their work but also serve as a vital reference for emphasizing the role of women as active agents in peacebuilding. Furthermore, some peacebuilders have translated these policies into local languages to improve community understanding. However, a significant gap remains; not all women peacebuilders are aware of these policies, and there is often resistance to foreign initiatives, particularly when they do not align with local realities. The findings of this dissertation highlight the challenges that exist in Eastern Congo, such as deep-seated mistrust between and among communities. Although people may share physical spaces, they are often divided by tribal and political affiliations often create barriers to genuine community interaction. Despite pervasive social norms and the effects of patriarchy, the findings also show that Congolese women are remarkably resilient in their peacebuilding efforts. They are actively combating sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), advocating for women’s rights, and contributing to community-based peace initiatives. These efforts are deeply shaped by the socio-cultural conditions in which they live, highlighting the interplay between structural constraints and individual agency. The study also reveals that women affected by SGBV often find it easier to open up to other women, particularly within women-led groups. This level of trust highlights the pivotal role women play in supporting victims of abuse. Furthermore, the findings show that, despite traditional gender roles being deeply entrenched in the communities where the research took place, these women are challenging societal norms and demonstrating their critical role in promoting peace and social cohesion in conflict-affected communities. This challenges the conventional notion that women play a passive role in peacebuilding processes in conflict zones. The findings also suggest that women are increasingly optimistic about challenging regressive customs and practices through dialogue and informal discussions with community leaders. Women peacebuilders are gradually building trust within local communities, thereby increasing the effectiveness of their awareness-raising efforts. This demonstrates how women navigate through cultural norms to exercise their peacebuilding agency. Overall, this dissertation contributes to both the academic and policy discourse on gender, peace and conflict by reframing women as active agents in peacebuilding and offering insights to strengthen the agency of individual women peacebuilders and that of women-led peacebuilding organizations in achieving long-term peace goals. The dissertation also contributes to the broader discussions on the need to understand the everyday peace efforts of ordinary citizens in achieving peace goals, rather than focusing solely on macro-level peace deals that take place at the state level, which often do not consider micro-level contexts of peace.

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