Recherche uO, le dépôt numérique de l'Université d'Ottawa, réunit le matériel de recherche et d'enseignement créé par notre communauté universitaire et nos partenaires. Le savoir de l'Université est ainsi disponible à long terme et en accès libre, ce qui lui procure de la visibilité et facilite sa diffusion.
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Type d'Item : Item , La dialectique de la démocratie et la fabrique du droit : enjeux démocratiques et construction de la loi pénale au Canada entre 1993 et 2025(Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2026-06-17) Audesse, Alexandre; Dubé, RichardLorsqu'il est question de la mise en forme du droit criminel, un constat s'impose de manière hégémonique dans la littérature pénale : les forces démocratiques sont des vecteurs de politiques afflictives, voire d'excès punitifs. Depuis plusieurs décennies, une myriade d'écrits impute effectivement aux pratiques démocratiques une responsabilité significative dans le durcissement des régimes pénaux de plusieurs sociétés occidentales. Cela dit, au cœur de ces nombreux écrits qui rapprochent la sévérité pénale et la démocratie se trouve toutefois une question fondamentale presque toujours éludée : qu'est-ce que la démocratie ? C'est à partir de ce point de cécité conceptuel que s'érige la présente recherche doctorale. Plutôt que de faire de la démocratie un simple épouvantail annonciateur de dérives punitives, cette recherche propose d'en problématiser et d'en théoriser la pluralité des conceptions afin d'offrir un regard plus nuancé sur les influences que peuvent exercer les diverses conceptions démocratiques sur les orientations données à l'exercice de construction de la loi pénale. Ne se limitant pas à l'analyse du passé, cet approfondissement du concept de démocratie vise également à réfléchir aux manières de (ré)imaginer la démocratie afin de favoriser l'émergence de trajectoires novatrices d'évolution du droit criminel. Pour y parvenir, la première partie de la thèse propose une exploration du concept de démocratie afin de mettre en lumière les idées plurivoques et contestées qui le traversent. Nous proposons alors de faire dialoguer ces idées à travers une nouvelle élaboration théorique articulée autour de trois idéaux-types : une démocratie populaire, une démocratie épistémique et une démocratie éthico-juridique. La seconde partie mobilise cette élaboration afin d'analyser l'exercice de construction de la loi pénale au Canada sous les gouvernements de la dernière génération. À partir ces analyses, cette recherche remet en question une série de constats établis sur la gouvernance pénale, allant de la dénaturalisation des effets prétendument punitifs des dynamiques démocratiques à l'illustration de pratiques parlementaires ancrées dans les langages de la démocratie, mais souvent en décalage avec ses idéaux. En interrogeant la dialectique de la démocratie, cette thèse cherche donc à ouvrir de nouveaux chantiers de questionnements sur la fabrique du droit.Type d'Item : Item , Modulation of Stress Responses by FKBP5 In Zebrafish and Rainbow Trout(Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2026-06-17) St-Amant, Donna; Gilmour, Kathleen M.Environmental challenges activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in fishes, increasing synthesis of the glucocorticoid stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which activates negative feedback regulation of the HPI axis. In mammals, activation of GR increases FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a co-chaperone of GR that inhibits its activity. The present study hypothesized that FKBP5 and GR interactions similarly contribute to prolonged elevation of cortisol during chronic stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Subordinate trout exhibited elevated plasma cortisol, and after 4 d of social interaction, also displayed elevated transcript abundance of fkbp5B. Treatment of subordinates with an FKBP5 inhibitor, SAFit2, tended to lower cortisol but the effects were not clear cut. The expression of fkbp5 in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was assessed during early development and in response to an acute stressor in both wildtype fish and those lacking the GR (GR-KO). The GR-KO fish exhibited significantly lower fkbp5 expression in both larvae and adults compared to wildtype fish. The transcript abundance of fkbp5 exhibited transient elevation in response to an acute stressor in wildtype fish. Overall, my findings suggest that FKBP5 plays a role in maintaining elevated cortisol during chronic stress in rainbow trout and show that GR regulates the baseline expression of fkbp5 across development in zebrafish.Type d'Item : Item , Unlocking the Power of Metacognition: The Role of Metacognitive Skills in Decision-Making using Type I/II Thinking(Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa, 2026-06-16) Pavao, Sylvanna; Flynn, AlisonStrong reasoning skills are vital in a variety of academic and everyday contexts, requiring strong metacognitive awareness to be strategic and efficient. However, relatively little is known about how metacognitive abilities and skill-building relate to making purposeful choices about reasoning. We investigated the role of metacognition in Dual Process theory, including learners’ awareness and self-description of their cognitive engagement. Dual-process theory describes that most reasoning results from the interaction of two cognitive processes: Type I (fast/intuitive thinking) and Type II (slow/analytical thinking). The purposeful use of reasoning types is complex, including metacognitive awareness of the Type being used, identifying the optimal type, deciding if there is a need or benefit to switching, desire/motivation to switch, and the ability to do so (e.g., cognitive resources). This mixed-methods study examined how a metacognition intervention influenced awareness of and engagement with Type I/II thinking, and the impacts of training in discipline agnostic and discipline specific contexts (organic chemistry). Using an experimental design that included pre- and post-tests, participants completed a worksheet targeting Type I/II reasoning three times over two weeks. Participants in the treatment/intervention group completed a metacognition learning module, while the control group completed an unrelated activity. In the worksheets, participants identified the thinking type they engaged with for questions and explained their thought process. We found that having an organic chemistry background and/or belonging to a particular group (intervention/control) were correlated with differences in analytical engagement. Participants in the treatment group demonstrated more deliberate monitoring and regulation of their reasoning, whereas participants in the control group relied on rigid, superficial distinctions between thinking types. Metacognitive accuracy and regulation varied across groups.Type d'Item : Item , Involving patient partners as appraisers of shared decision making: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study(2026-06-13) Knudsen, Bettina M.; Josefsen, Mette B.; Petersen, Mona M.; Risom, Poul; Nielsen, Henriette W.; Donskov, Frede; Søndergaard, Stine R.; Steffensen, Karina D.; Stacey, Dawn; Lund, LeaAbstract Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly recognised as a valuable component of health research, yet patients are rarely included in data analysis within shared decision making (SDM) studies. We aimed to assess the feasibility and value of involving patient partner appraisers of SDM using the OPTION5 instrument. Specific objectives were to examine interrater reliability between patient partners and researchers, and to explore patient partners’ perspectives on observed differences in interrater reliability. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Four patient partners and three researchers used the validated Danish version of OPTION5 to independently score 102 audio-recorded oncology consultations from two randomised trials evaluating patient decision aids delivered before versus during consultations. Each consultation was scored by one trained patient partner and two researchers. Scores were converted to a 0–100 scale. Agreement was assessed using two-way mixed-effects, absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for single and average measures. Item-level analyses included unadjusted and Bonferroni-adjusted p-values. Three patient partners participated in a semi-structured focus group interview to discuss differences in interrater reliability and to reflect on their assessments based on lived experience. Interview data were analysed using a primarily deductive thematic approach informed by hermeneutic–phenomenological principles. Results The four patient partners appraised 25–27 consultations each. Total OPTION5 scores were median 60.0 for patient partners and 52.5 for researchers. Overall single-rater agreement was moderate (ICC = 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.71), and good when averaging raters (ICC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.83). Item-level differences were small. Although item 2 showed a nominal difference before correction for multiple testing, no item-level differences remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Qualitative analysis revealed three overarching themes: emotion-driven scoring (atmosphere, tone, empathy and recognition), navigating the OPTION5 instrument (growing confidence and calibration over time), and evolving roles as co-researchers. Conclusions Involving patient partners as appraisers of SDM using OPTION5 was feasible, and their appraisal ratings showed moderate reliability with researcher ratings. Findings suggest that, while using the same structured OPTION5 scoring framework, patient partners may draw on broader relational cues when interpreting observable SDM behaviours in clinical consultations. Trial registration Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at the University of Southern Denmark (approval ID 23/555) for the involvement of patient partners as co-researchers.Type d'Item : Item , Co-designing roadmaps for promoting culturally relevant food in long-term care homes for the African, Caribbean and Black populations in Canada: a multi-method, participatory action research study protocol(2026-05-11) Kehoe MacLeod, K.; Hammond, E.; Wicks, V.; Cortbaoui, P.; Crisp, R.; Dort, J.; Dueck, C.; Fernandez, MA.; Giroux, I.; Jessri, M.; Kamara, I.; Kapfunde, D.; Li, S.; Neufeld, H.; Onyango, E.; Otoadese, D.; Peck, S.; Reed, B.; Sinha, SK.; Muray, M.Abstract Background Access to culturally relevant foods is essential to aging well, particularly for Canadians from ethno-cultural minority groups, including African, Caribbean, and Black communities. Food insecurity is defined as inadequate or unreliable access to affordable, safe, and nutritious food that meets one’s needs and preferences. While food insecurity is often framed primarily in economic terms, with limited attention to culturally appropriate food access, it is also closely linked to systemic inequities shaped by policy-making and institutional barriers that ultimately affect dietary intake, mealtime experiences, and overall health among ethnocultural minority groups. In the Canadian long-term care sector, food insecurity is exacerbated among African, Caribbean, and Black residents due to limited access to culturally congruent food options within care environments designed to accommodate the ethnic majority. This project will develop roadmaps to promote healthy aging among African, Caribbean, and Black residents in long-term care homes through culturally relevant food provision as part of resident-centered care. Methods We will use a community-based research approach guided by an intersectionality framework and a Community Advisory Council. The study includes a policy analysis of legislation, policies, and regulations shaping food provision in long-term care homes, supplemented by interviews with policy and decision-makers. Focus groups with key informants in food, aging, or long-term care will identify opportunities for change at organizational and governance levels. Ethnographic site visits to community-based food programs in three Canadian provinces—Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec—will explore how social and cultural factors influence food sourcing, preparation, and provision. Interviews with long-term care stakeholders will examine how promising community practices may be adapted to institutional settings. Finally, we will co-create and share roadmaps to support culturally safe food services and programming for African, Caribbean, and Black residents in long-term care. Discussion This equity-focused project aims to increase access to culturally relevant foods in long-term care as part of resident-centered care for African, Caribbean, and Black communities, and contributes to broader efforts to decolonize long-term care through culturally safer and more responsive care for people living in institutional settings.