Affaires publiques et internationales - Publications // Public and International Affairs - Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10393/32408

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Exclusionary Inclusion: The Unforeseen Consequences of Norm Promotion in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement Process
(2024-08-05) Palmiano Federer, Julia
What happens when the promotion of ‘inclusive peace’ creates an exclusionary negotiated settlement? Through an empirical analysis of the promotion of inclusion in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) negotiations that took place from 2011-2015, my analysis challenges claims in peace research that the more inclusive and participatory a peace process is, the more effective the outcome. Through discussing how the promotion of the inclusivity norm to the negotiating parties had unintended negative effects on the outcome of the process, namely excluding certain armed groups and crowding out civil society actors, I argue against assuming that integrating salient peacemaking norms always results in effective outcomes.
Migrations forcées au Canada
(2024) Clark-Kazak, Christina
Migrations forcées au Canada se veut un répertoire complet de ressources d’enseignement et d’apprentissage en lien avec les déplacements vers le Canada et au sein même du pays, en passant par la colonisation et l’esclavage, la traite des personnes, l’apatridie, la protection des personnes réfugiées et la réinstallation. Chaque section offre une compilation de ressources multimédias pour présenter les enjeux clés aux personnes étudiantes et chercheuses, ainsi qu’au grand public.
Forced Migration in Canada
(2024) Clark-Kazak, Christina
Forced Migration in Canada is intended to be a comprehensive repository of teaching and learning resources related to displacement to, and in, Canada, from colonization and slavery, to trafficking, statelessness and refugee protection and resettlement. Each section offers a compilation of multimedia resources to introduce students, researchers and the general public to the key issues.
Multitrack Digital Inclusion and Data-Driven Peacemaking
(2022) Hirblinger, Andreas
This policy brief fleshes out how data-driven approaches can be leveraged within an inclusive, multitrack framework. This policy brief further presents a conceptual model for inclusive data-driven mediation support, consisting of two interrelated and complementary processes, namely vertical data sharing (between different tracks) and horizontal data dialogue (within the same track).
The Information Revolution and New Opportunities for Multitrack Diplomacy in High Violence Situations: The Increasing Importance of Data Organization and Local Input for Policy Shaping
(2021) Kristina, Hook
Ottawa Dialogue’s second Policy Brief, written by Dr. Kristina Hook, looks at the ways in which the information revolution and emerging technologies have heightened the importance of engagement between governments and two sets of Multitrack actors in situations of mass violence against civilians: scholar-practitioners and local experts.
The Crisis in Myanmar: Are there Roles for Track Two Diplomacy?
(2021) Jones, Peter; Zaw Oo, Min; Palmiano Federer, Julia
The situation in Myanmar is tragic. Events since the coup of February, 2021, have set back the prospect of a peaceful transition of power by many years. This paper will assess the situation in Myanmar, with particular reference to the question of what role may be played by unofficial peacemaking (Track Two Diplomacy, broadly defined) in helping to end armed violence and conflict.
Peace Historiography and the Competing Narratives of the 1993 Oslo Channel
(2022) Lehrs, Lior
This Policy Brief uses the case of Oslo as a platform to discuss “history wars” in a peace process, and in particular the dispute over the roles of different channels and initiatives, whether official “Track One” or unofficial “Track Two,” and actors, domestic or external, in the historiography and collective memory of peace agreements. It reviews the competing narratives surrounding the initiation of the Oslo channel, the internal historiographic disputes on each side (Israel and the PLO), the debate over the role of the Norwegians in Oslo, the way this role is reflected in the play and the film, and the Oslo narrative that developed within the Track Two community. The Policy Brief seeks to draw a connection between the field of peace studies in general, and Track Two diplomacy in particular, and the field of historiography and memory studies.
Local peace actors and external funding mechanisms: Towards greater agency for local actors
(2022) Tadevosyan, Margarita
This Policy Brief seeks to improve understandings of the role and impact that international donors have on shaping local peace approaches in a given context. It also presents recommendations on how to develop constructive synergies between local and international actors in a way that is based on shared understanding and complementarity, and a way that is egalitarian and emancipatory in nature.
Policy Brief: Is There a New Track Two? Taking Stock of Unofficial Diplomacy in Peacemaking
(2021) Palmiano Federer, Julia
Ottawa Dialogue's First Policy Brief by Dr Julia Palmiano Federer looks at the evolution of Track Two since it was first named in the early 1980s. Based on academic and policy scholarship on Track Two and her research on NGO mediators, Dr Palmiano Federer identifies the key ideas and concepts which have shaped the discussion of the field in this time and provides insight into where Track Two may be going.
Global Club Goods and Regimes For International Financial Crisis Management
(2020) Gavin, Michael
It is generally regarded that a robust global financial safety net is a global public good. Yet public goods models that explain the existence of the global financial safety net cannot also explain why it is highly fragmented and provisioned so inequitably. This study shows that the global financial safety net's existence, fragmentation, and inequitable coverage can be explained by modelling the global financial safety net as a global club good. The primary finding of the model is that when a state has a monopoly on the provision of a non-rival and excludable good (i.e., a club good), separate multilateral and bilateral club governance structures emerge, each with a unique structure and cost. Brief case studies of the global financial safety net provisioned by the International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve, and the Bank for International Settlements strongly support the model.
Recension d'ouvrage: La Chine e (s) t le monde: essai sur la sino-mondialisation, de Sophie Boisseau du Rocher et Emmanuel Dubois de Prisque, Paris, Odile Jacob, 2019, 296 p.
(2021) Leblond, Maxime
Recension d'ouvrage: Le Prince 2020 – De l’usage de la dictature au 21e siècle? Jean-François Caron, 2020, Québec (Québec) : Presses de l’Université Laval, 260 pages
(2020) Leblond, Maxime
Public health and collaborative federalism: Or why an allegedly weak system to prevent pandemics is not the result of intergovernmental relations, collaborative or otherwise
(2013) Fafard, Patrick
The predominant view among public health specialists (or at least those who have had the opportunity to comment in print), is that federalism is inimical to the pursuit of good public health. In particular, their is a dominant public health argument that argues that, to effectively respond to public health emergencies, like a pandemic, the Government of Canada should have more authority. In this paper I argue that this particular public heath critique of Canadian federalism incorrect. It is built on a misunderstanding of the nature of Canadian intergovernmental relations, an overly simplistic and narrow interpretation what motivates and constrains both orders of government and, more generally, betrays a broader tendency in public health to assume that science and social justice (or at least a particular conception of each) should drive the policy making process and trump politics leaving no room for federalism, collaborative or otherwise.
Poverty Reduction Strategies in Canada: A new way to tackle an old problem?
(2016-10-11) Notten, Geranda; Laforest, Rachel
Since the end 1990s, jurisdictions across the world have adopted an innovative governance process called a Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). PRS processes are a perfect example of a new governance dynamics in which collaboration between the public sector and the community sector is leveraged to develop policy solutions to complex problems such as poverty. Jurisdictions argue that this new process helps ensure continued prioritization, improved information for decision making, and improved coordination between different units of government and other partners. In Canada nearly all provinces and territories now engage in a PRS process. This paper asks whether the PRS processes, as implemented by four Canadian provinces (Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario and Quebec), have the potential to deliver on the expected governance benefits. This research is the first to connect theory to a widespread yet under-researched practice in government. We review the collaborative governance and performance management literatures for theories and empirical evidence on the costs and benefits of similar practices. We use official documents to identify a theory of change which explains how PRS processes could result in more poverty reduction. We use public information to describe and compare PRS processes in the four provinces. Our research shows that each province makes quite different choices in implementing its process and that such differences likely influence the degree to which aspired governance benefits are realized. When legislation supports the PRS process, provinces have more continuous activities and, where legislation details the role of non-government stakeholders, stakeholder involvement is more substantive and visible. There is now more public information on government’s actions but also still much scope for improvement, especially in linking fiscal expenses, effects of policy actions, and wellbeing outcomes. Whether new coordination mechanisms have been sufficient to yield substantive benefits in coordination is unclear.
The Role of Skills in Understanding Low Income in Canada
(2015-10-15) Heisz, A.; Notten, G.; Situ, J.
This research explores how skill proficiencies are distributed between low-income and not-in low-income groups using the results of a highly complex survey of the information-processing skills of Canadians between the ages of 16 and 65. We find that having measures of skills enhances our understanding of the correlates of low income. Skills have an independent effect, even when controlling for other known correlates of low income, and their inclusion reduces the independent effect of education and immigrant status. This result is relevant for public policy development as the knowledge of the skills profile of the low-income population can inform the design of efficient and effective programmes.
The Breadth of Child Poverty in Europe: An Investigation into Overlap of Deprivations
(2013-10-15) Roelen, K; Notten, G
Moral, efficiency, and rights-based arguments have sparked widespread acknowledgement in both academic and policy circles that children deserve a special focus in poverty measurement. Children can be considered to have a “differential experience” of poverty in childhood, setting their situation apart from adults as well as from other children depending on their life-stage. The European Union (EU) is among those bodies that have recognized the need for child-focused indicators in monitoring poverty and social exclusion and is currently in the process of developing, testing, and comparing single indicators of child well-being across member states. In this article, we seek to add to this debate by providing a micro-analysis of the breadth of child poverty in the EU by analyzing the overlap of deprivations across monetary and multidimensional indicators of poverty. Thereby, we aim to gain insight into the breadth of child poverty and degree of overlap between measures of monetary and multidimensional poverty in the EU. Particular attention will be paid to the investigation of cross-country and cross-domain differences. Using the 2007 wave of the EU-SILC data, we compare the EU monetary “at-risk-ofpoverty” indicator to a range of child deprivation indicators at domain level in four EU Member States (Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom). Overall, the article’s findings provide a strong call for the need to take a multidimensional approach toward the measurement of child poverty in the EU context. Size and group differences between children faced with income poverty and/or deprivation in other domains are considerable and underline the need to take a broader perspective to identify those that are vulnerable. Overlap analysis of income and domain poverty suggests considerable mismatch across the board, regardless of the particular country under consideration. This suggests a considerable breadth of child poverty in the EU, meaning that deprivation in monetary and non-monetary terms does not seem to be concentrated on a few particular groups but rather spread out across the population with large numbers of children likely to face deprivation in a few domains. Although dependent on the domain and country under consideration, single parenthood, living in a rented dwelling, low work intensity, and income poverty are found significantly and considerably the risk to poverty.
Child poverty in Ontario: The value added of material deprivation indicators for comparative policy analysis in North America
(2015-10-01) Notten, G
North America lags behind in the use of outcome-based indicators such as material deprivation to study child poverty. Instead income indicators dominate research and policy-making. A large body of international research concludes that income poverty and material deprivation are complementary indicators because each measures specific but related aspects of material well-being. For children this distinction is even more pertinent because children have specific needs and their material circumstances affect both their current and future well-being. This research uses Ontario data to investigate whether material deprivation also contributes to a better understanding of child poverty in North America. It shows that the choice of poverty indicator affects estimates of the level of child poverty, its correlates, and the success of policy interventions in reaching poor children.
Is monetary poverty a suitable proxy for deprivation in the physical environment?
(2009-11-11) Notten, G
The multidimensional nature of poverty has long been acknowledged; even persons with sufficient financial resources may be unable to achieve satisfactory levels of well-being in other dimensions. However, traditional financial poverty analyses still play a predominant role in the formulation of poverty reduction strategies. In this paper we analyze the consequences of using financial poverty as a proxy for deprivation in the physical environment of children in the Republic of Congo by studying the degree of overlap between these dimensions. Our results indicate that incidence rates of poverty and deprivation differ substantially in magnitude; that high risk poverty characteristics do not necessarily correspond to high risk deprivation characteristics; and that the relation between poverty and deprivation in the physical environment is positive but not very strong. We conclude that using financial poverty indicators seems to be a blunt tool to identify vulnerable groups in the physical environment dimensions.
How poverty indicators confound poverty reduction evaluations: The targeting performance of income transfers in Europe
(2015-06-24) Notten, G
This paper investigates whether two popular poverty indicators, namely income poverty and material deprivation, reach similar conclusions about the poverty reduction effects of income transfers. Such evaluations generally use income poverty. It is well-known, however, that poverty indicators regularly disagree about a person’s poverty status. What is less known is whether such disagreement also confounds estimates of a program’s poverty reduction effects. This paper compares the targeting performance of social assistance, housing and family transfers in countries with different welfare states namely Germany, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It finds that a transfer’s targeting performance does not differ much when defining the transfer’s target group either as the poorest income quintile or the poorest material deprivation quintile. Yet, when combining the information from both indicators, transfers appear much more effective in reaching those groups that both poverty indicators identify as part of the target group. Transfers also appear much more efficient in excluding non-target populations. For the groups on which the poverty indicators disagree, more analysis is needed. Triangulation between poverty indicators thus improves the validity of program evaluations as it enables a better separation between (potential) poverty measurement issues and the measurement of a program’s (potential) effects.
Size matters: poverty reduction effects of means-tested and universal child benefits in Russia
(2008-08-30) Notten, G; Gassmann, F
This paper evaluates a policy change from universal to means-tested child allowances in terms of targeting efficiency and poverty reduction taking the introduction of means-tested child benefits in Russia as a case study. We use the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) from 2000 to 2004 to analyze the impact of the reforms and to simulate the effects of various means-tested and universal child benefit schemes. Since the reforms in 2000, more children receive benefits and there is improved targeting of low income households. Nevertheless, both inclusion and exclusion errors are considerable and although the poverty reduction impact improved marginally since the reforms, its effect on child poverty is small. Our simulations show that universal schemes achieve additional poverty reductions in all indicators because previously excluded children now also receive a benefit. But size matters most; only by increasing benefit levels considerably, more substantial poverty reductions can be achieved.

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