Traduction et interprétation - Publications // Translation and Interpretation - Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10393/23448

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Garbage in, garbage out! Getting better translations by writing translation friendly texts
(2024) Bowker, Lynne
Garbage in, garbage out! explains how the quality of the texts you write affects the quality of the translations of those texts, especially when the translations come from tools like Google Translate. Learn how to write in a translation friendly way to ensure that readers can get the most out of your texts, no matter which language they speak.
Médiocre à l’entrée = Médiocre à la sortie! Optimisez vos traductions en optimisant vos textes de départ
(2024) Bowker, Lynne
Médiocre à l’entrée = médiocre à la sortie! explique comment la qualité des textes que vous écrivez se répercute sur la qualité de la traduction de ces mêmes textes, surtout lorsque les traductions proviennent d’outils comme Google Traduction. Apprenez à rédiger vos textes pour en optimiser la traduction : chaque personne qui les lira pourra ainsi tirer le meilleur parti de vos textes, peu importe la langue qu’elle parle.
Vous traduisez pour le Canada? (version 2)
(2023) Bowker, Lynne
Devez-vous traduire pour un public canadien? Nous avons ce qu’il vous faut! Ce livre numérique aborde brièvement les concepts de traduction et de localisation, puis présente une gamme d’outils et de ressources en ligne gratuits, notamment des banques terminologiques, des concordanciers bilingues, des outils pour comparer des variétés linguistiques, des outils de traduction automatique, le ChatGPT et des portails linguistiques. Dans chaque cas, les outils et les ressources présentés ont une saveur typiquement canadienne pour aider les traductrices et traducteurs à localiser des textes vers l’anglais canadien et le français canadien. Pour chaque outil ou ressource, vous trouverez un petit exercice pratique pour vous aider à démarrer. Alors, vous êtes prêts? (Cette version remplace version 1 : http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42813).
Translating for Canada, eh? (Version 2)
(2023) Bowker, Lynne
Do you need to translate for a Canadian audience? We’ve got you covered! This ebook briefly introduces the concepts of translation and localization and then presents a range of free online tools and resources, including term banks, bilingual concordancers, tools for comparing language varieties, machine translation tools, ChatGPT, and language portals. In each case, the tools and resources that are presented have a distinctly Canadian flavour to help translators to localize texts into Canadian English and Canadian French. For each tool or resource, there is a short practical exercise to get you started. What are you waiting for, eh? (This version supersedes version 1.0: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42763)
Linguistic privilege and marginalization in scholarly communication: Understanding the role of new language technologies for shifting language dynamics
(2023) Bowker, Lynne; Ayeni, Philips; Kulczycki, Emanuel
English plays the key role in scholarly communication and resource distribution, but using a single language for research has consequences for scholars, science and society. For instance, Non-Anglophone researchers may need longer to read and write in English and may face more manuscript revisions and rejections. This may result in a lower volume of research output, which could negatively affect career advancement. Meanwhile, native English-speaking scholars, who come mainly from Western cultures, will have more visibility and power, and this could influence which subjects are investigated and which communities benefit from the results. Their higher visibility and volume of output may also improve career advancement opportunities for English speakers, such as prestigious appointments as journal editors, where they may reinforce Western viewpoints. To create a more equitable and linguistically diverse scholarly communication ecosystem, support is needed to ensure that scholars can read each other’s work. Language technologies such as machine translation (MT) tools (e.g. Google Translate) or the recent AI tools based on large language models (LLMs) (e.g. ChatGPT) could potentially play a role, but little is understood about whether, how and to what effect these tools are used by scholars. The project team undertook a systematic review of the literature to investigate the current state of language technologies within the scholarly communication ecosystem. Following a multilingual search in key research databases, 875 papers were retrieved and screened, and 40 were retained for closer investigation. Analysis reveals that language technologies are being actively developed, tested, applied and evaluated in the context of scholarly communication.
Overcoming Language Barriers in Academia: Machine Translation Tools and a Vision for a Multilingual Future
(2022) Steigerwald, Emma; Ramírez-Castañeda, Valeria; Brandt, Débora Y C; Báldi, András; Shapiro, Julie Teresa; Bowker, Lynne; Tarvin, Rebecca D
Having a central scientific language remains crucial for advancing and globally sharing science. Nevertheless, maintaining one dominant language also creates barriers to accessing scientific careers and knowledge. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we describe how, when, and why to make scientific literature more readily available in multiple languages through the practice of translation. We broadly review the advantages and limitations of neural machine translation systems and propose that translation can serve as both a short- and a long-term solution for making science more resilient, accessible, globally representative, and impactful beyond the academy. We outline actions that individuals and institutions can take to support multilingual science and scientists, including structural changes that encourage and value translating scientific literature. In the long term, improvements to machine translation technologies and collective efforts to change academic norms can transform a monolingual scientific hub into a multilingual scientific network. Translations are available in the supplemental material.
Interdisciplinary Research Methods: Considering the Potential of Community-based Participatory Research in Translation
(2021) Bowker, Lynne
Different disciplines have different research traditions, including the use of discipline-specific research methods. However, adopting methods from other disciplines can provide fresh perspectives and lead to new insights. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) originated in the population and public health field, but it has potential to be applied in a broader range of disciplines. This article explains the fundamental characteristics of CBPR, explores some misconceptions associated with this method, and describes some potential barriers to its application. Finally, using the example of a machine translation literacy project, the article walks readers through this example of how CBPR was applied to a translation-related research project and evaluates the success of this method for the project.
Machine Translation Literacy as a Social Responsibility
(2019) Bowker, Lynne
Machine translation is easily accessible and easy to use, but this doesn’t mean that everyone uses it in an informed way. We suggest that translators have a social responsibility for helping people outside the language professions to become informed users of machine translation, and that partnering with libraries could provide a means of reaching and educating a broad cross-section of citizens. We briefly summarize key elements of a machine translation literacy workshop that we piloted with two academic libraries, and we outline our plans for the next phase of the project with a public library.
Vous traduisez pour le Canada?
(2021) Bowker, Lynne
Devez-vous traduire pour un public canadien? Nous avons ce qu’il vous faut! Ce livre numérique aborde brièvement les concepts de traduction et de localisation, puis présente une gamme d’outils et de ressources en ligne gratuits, notamment des banques terminologiques, des concordanciers bilingues, des outils pour comparer des variétés linguistiques, des outils de traduction automatique et des portails linguistiques. Dans chaque cas, les outils et les ressources présentés ont une saveur typiquement canadienne pour aider les traductrices et traducteurs à localiser des textes vers l’anglais canadien et le français canadien. Pour chaque outil ou ressource, vous trouverez un petit exercice pratique pour vous aider à démarrer. Alors, qu’est-ce que vous attendez, là?
The Dawn of the Human-Machine Era: A forecast of new and emerging language technologies
(2021) Sayers, Dave; Sousa-Silva, Rui; Höhn, Sviatlana; Ahmedi, Lule; Allkivi-Metsoja, Kais; Anastasiou, Dimitra; Beňus, Štefan; Bowker, Lynne; Bytyçi, Eliot; Catala, Alejandro; Çepani, Anila; Coler, Matt; Chacón-Beltrán, Rubén; Dadi, Sami; Dalipi, Fisnik; Despotovic, Vladimir; Doczekalska, Agnieszka; Drude, Sebastian; Fort, Karën; Fuchs, Robert; Galinski, Christian; Gobbo, Federico; Gungor, Tunga; Guo, Siwen; Höckner, Klaus; Kernerman, Ilan; Láncos, Petra Lea; Libal, Tomer; Liebeskind, Chaya; Jantunen, Tommi; Jones, Dewi; Klimova, Blanka; Kernerman, Ilan; Korkmaz, Emin Erkan; Maučec, Mirjam Sepesy; Melo, Miguel; Meunier, Fanny; Migge, Bettina; Mititelu, Verginica Barbu; Névéol, Aurélie; Rossi, Arianna; Rousi, Rebekah; Pareja-Lora, Antonio; Sanchez-Stockhammer, C.; Şahin, Aysel; Soltan, Angela; Soria, Claudia; Shaikh, Sarang; Turchi, Marco; Yildirim Yayilgan, Sule
New language technologies are coming, thanks to the huge and competing private investment fuelling rapid progress; we can either understand and foresee their effects, or be taken by surprise and spend our time trying to catch up. This report sketches out some transformative new technologies that are likely to fundamentally change our use of language. Some of these may feel unrealistically futuristic or far-fetched, but a central purpose of this report - and the wider LITHME network - is to illustrate that these are mostly just the logical development and maturation of technologies currently in prototype. But will everyone benefit from all these shiny new gadgets? Throughout this report we emphasise a range of groups who will be disadvantaged and issues of inequality. Important issues of security and privacy will accompany new language technologies. A further caution is to re-emphasise the current limitations of AI. Looking ahead, we see many intriguing opportunities and new capabilities, but a range of other uncertainties and inequalities. New devices will enable new ways to talk, to translate, to remember, and to learn. But advances in technology will reproduce existing inequalities among those who cannot afford these devices, among the world’s smaller languages, and especially for sign language. Debates over privacy and security will flare and crackle with every new immersive gadget. We will move together into this curious new world with a mix of excitement and apprehension - reacting, debating, sharing and disagreeing as we always do. Plug in, as the human-machine era dawns.
Translating for Canada, eh?
(2021) Bowker, Lynne
Do you need to translate for a Canadian audience? We’ve got you covered! This ebook briefly introduces the concepts of translation and localization and then presents a range of free online tools and resources, including term banks, bilingual concordancers, tools for comparing language varieties, machine translation tools, and language portals. In each case, the tools and resources that are presented have a distinctly Canadian flavour to help translators to localize texts into Canadian English and Canadian French. For each tool or resource, there is a short practical exercise to get you started. What are you waiting for, eh?
Promoting Linguistic Diversity and Inclusion: Incorporating Machine Translation Literacy into Information Literacy Instruction for Undergraduate Students
(2021) Bowker, Lynne
Using a lingua franca for scholarly communication offers some advantages, but it also limits research diversity, and there is a growing movement to encourage publication in other languages. Both approaches require scholars to access material through other languages, and more people are turning to machine translation to help with this task. Machine translation has improved considerably in recent years with the introduction of artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning; however, it is far from perfect and users who are not trained as professional translators need to improve their machine translation literacy to use this technology effectively. Machine translation literacy is less about acquiring techno-procedural skills and more about developing cognitive competencies. In this way, machine translation literacy aligns with the overall direction of the Association of College & Research Libraries’ (2015) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, which encourages a conceptual, rather than a skills-based, approach. This case study presents a pilot project in which machine translation literacy instruction was incorporated into a broader program of information literacy and delivered to first-year students—both Anglophone and non-Anglophone—at a Canadian university. Students were surveyed and, overall, they found the machine translation literacy module to be valuable and recommended that similar instruction be made available to all students. Academic librarians are well-positioned to participate in the delivery of machine translation literacy instruction as part of a broader information literacy program, and in so doing, they can promote linguistic diversity and better enable students and researchers from all regions to participate in scholarly conversations.
Machine translation use outside the language industries: a comparison of five delivery formats for machine translation literacy instruction
(2021) Bowker, Lynne
Since the release of the first free online machine translation systems around 15 years ago, machine translation (MT) has been “in the wild”, meaning it is available to users outside the language industries. However, most user-related investigations of MT focus on how this technology is used by language professionals, such as translators. As the user base outside the language professions grows, it is worth understanding more about who is using MT and why as this could help to inform future developments of the tools. Based on my experience of teaching MT to non-translation students in five different university-level contexts in the 2020/2021 academic year, I share some insights about who these users are, why they are using MT, and how satisfied they are with the results.
Machine translation literacy instruction for international business students and business English instructors
(2020) Bowker, Lynne
As the number of non-Anglophone students studying business through the medium of English continues to increase, there is a growing interest in the potential of machine translation for helping these students with English-language writing. Language instructors recognize the futility of trying to ban the use of such tools, but they are apprehensive about their use. Academic librarians already deliver various forms of digital literacy instruction, and this article describes the design and delivery of a machine translation literacy workshop for international business students and their language instructors. Feedback was largely positive, but it may be helpful to customize future workshops for specific language groups. The target audience could also be expanded to include non-Anglophone faculty as well as students since the former are under increasing pressure to publish in English. The overall experience points to the benefit of collaboration between librarians and other experts in order to adapt to the changing needs of the campus community and to offer meaningful services and support in this period of rapid change.
Investigating the usefulness of machine translation for newcomers at the public library
(2015) Bowker, Lynne; Buitrago Ciro, Jairo
This study investigates the potential of machine translation for offering an efficient and cost-effective means of translating sections of the Ottawa Public Library website into Spanish to better meet the linguistic needs of the Spanish-speaking newcomer community. One-hundred and fourteen community members participated in a recipient evaluation, where they evaluated four different versions of a translated portion of the library’s website—a professional human translation, a maximally post-edited machine translation, a rapidly post-edited machine translation, and a raw machine translation. Participants also considered metadata such as the time and cost required to produce each version. Findings show that while machine translation cannot address all needs, there are some needs for which the faster and cheaper post-edited versions are considered to be useful and acceptable to the community.
How Information Science Helped to Shape the Emerging Field of Terminology in Canada (1973–81)
(2017) Bowker, Lynne
As the field of terminology began to take shape in Canada in the 1970s and early 1980s, it became clear that traditional linguistics methods were not sufficient to support this new field of activity. Following an analysis of five seminal Canadian French language works on terminology published during this period, we illustrate that information science had a significant influence on the development of terminology methodology by contributing ideas relating to information literacy, referencing, knowledge organization, and controlled vocabularies.
S’ouvrir aux suggestions des locuteurs pour aménager la terminologie au Québec : le cas du projet collaboratif « En bons termes »
(2019) Saint, Elizabeth C.
Cet article, ancré dans les recherches de l’implantation terminologique, présente les données du projet « En bons termes », qui a fait collaborer pendant quatre mois sur un forum en ligne divers acteurs de l’aménagement linguistique et terminologique canadien, dont l’Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) et un groupe de locuteurs, dans le but de trouver des solutions terminologiques à des concepts sans dénomination en français. En nous concentrant sur les termes qui apparaissent sur les 11 fiches parues dans le Grand dictionnaire terminologique (GDT) à l’issue de ce projet, nous montrons comment l’OQLF a accueilli les suggestions des locuteurs, ainsi que la place et le statut d’acceptabilité qu’il leur a accordés dans les fiches. Les résultats montrent que l’organisme a fait preuve d’une réelle ouverture aux contributions des internautes et que celle-ci s’inscrit dans une attitude socioterminologique globale qui a pour objectif l’implantation réussie des termes dans l’usage. /// This article, framed within studies on term implantation, presents the results of the online collaborative project En bons termes between a group of speakers and various actors of language and terminology planning in Canada, including the Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF). The objective of the collaboration was to find suitable terminological solutions to name new concepts in French. With a focus on the terms that were published on 11 term records in the OQLF’s termbank, Le Grand dictionnaire terminologique, we analyse how the OQLF integrated speakers’ suggestions, including the space and acceptability status that it gave them in the records. Conclusions show that the OQLF was open to speakers’ contributions, as per the general socioterminological orientation it adopted over the last couple of decades to ensure the successful implantation of its terminology.
Traducteurs « privilégiés » : Regard sur l’autotraduction du théâtre fransaskois
(2018) Saint, Elizabeth C.
Qu’elles soient d’ordre éditorial, idéologique, poétique ou économique, les intentions qui motivent l’écrivain à se lancer dans l’exercice « pénible, fastidieux et répétitif » (Grutman, 2007, p. 220) d’autotraduction influenceront la manière dont il présentera sa traduction, les stratégies qu’il emploiera pour traduire et le type de traduction qu’il produira. Notre étude a pour objectif d'esquisser le portrait de deux dramaturges et autotraducteurs fransaskois à travers leurs pièces traduites du français vers l'anglais : « La Maculée » de Madeleine Blais-Dahlem et « Bonneau et la Bellehumeur » de Raoul Granger. Après un rapide survol des conditions qui font de l'autotraducteur un traducteur « privilégié » (Tanqueiro, 1999), nous présentons le contexte de production des deux autotraductions et identifions ce qui semble avoir motivé les deux dramaturges fransaskois à s'autotraduire. Une analyse paratextuelle et textuelle nous permettra ensuite de déterminer comment leur intention influence la façon dont ils se présentent et le produit de leur autotraduction. Nos conclusions indiquent que, malgré leur statut « privilégié » (Tanqueiro, 1999), Blais-Dahlem et Granger sont, comme tout traducteur, des agents de « communication interculturelle » (Vermeer, 1989). Dès lors, en s'engageant dans le processus d'autotraduction de leur oeuvre, ils cherchent, chacun à leur manière, à « bâtir des ponts communautaires » (Day, 2013), tout en rendant visibles les enjeux liés à la culture et à l'identité fransaskoise. Blais-Dahlem élargit sa personnalité d’écrivaine bilingue en s’autotraduisant, alors que Granger efface toute trace de son intervention en tant qu’autotraducteur. Il en résulte un usage de stratégies de traduction différentes qui révèle l’interdépendance entre l’original et l’autotraduction dans le cas de Blais-Dahlem, mais une complète autonomie de chacune des versions dans le cas de Granger.
Traduire à voix haute: la traduction dictée interactive comme solution ergonomique
(2017) Zapata, Julián; Saint, Elizabeth C.
English: Voice recognition (VR) technology has greatly evolved since computer tools first came into our lives. It has been increasingly adopted by translators, who turn to the technology to minimise or prevent certain physical or mental health problems, among other reasons. VR has also helped bring translation dictation back into the profession. As shown in the first study presented in this article, the ergonomic advantages of using VR are genuinely valued by translators. However, we argue that VR could be improved by combining it with the various input modes offered by newer multimodal and mobile interfaces, which offer many advantages. We therefore advocate moving beyond translation dictation to develop an interactive translation dictation (ITD) environment, through which the professional translator's workstation would become a natural extension of his or her capabilities. Our second study presents the results of an experiment designed to assess the ergonomic gains of using a prototypical ITD environment. Français: Les technologies de reconnaissance vocale (RV) se sont largement développées depuis l’arrivée des outils informatiques dans notre vie. De plus en plus employée par les traducteurs pour, entre autres, réduire ou prévenir certains problèmes de santé physiques ou psychologiques, la RV a aussi contribué au retour de la traduction dictée chez ces professionnels. Comme la première étude présentée dans cet article le montre, les avantages ergonomiques de l’utilisation de la RV sont véritablement appréciés par les traducteurs. Nous avançons toutefois que la RV gagnerait à être combinée aux multiples atouts que présentent les interfaces multimodales des outils technologiques émergents et mobiles. Plus que de traduction dictée, il s’agirait alors d’offrir un espace de traduction dictée interactive (TDI), par lequel la plateforme de travail du traducteur professionnel deviendrait un prolongement de ses compétences. Notre seconde étude présente les résultats d’une expérience d’utilisation d’un prototype d’environnement de TDI visant à en évaluer sa valeur ajoutée en matière d’ergonomie.
Poetry as a Heuristic Object of Discourse in Translation Theory. Preliminary notes for the resurrection of poetry translation in the age of globalization
(2016-10-16) Tanasescu, Raluca
In recent years, especially since the sociological turn and the advent of globalization in Translation Studies, very few academic articles or book chapters on literary translation have focused on poetry as a literary form. A major shift to prose has mirrored the recent trends on the international translation market. However, in his introduction to a guest-edited issue of Translation Studies, Lawrence Venuti rightfully argued that poetry should be “moved closer to the center of Translation Studies” (2011, p. 127), as “[it] is more likely to encourage experimental strategies that can reveal what is unique about translation as a linguistic and cultural practice.” (p. 127) The present article looks at how this literary form has been exploited by a number of scholars pertaining to various schools of thought, in an attempt at demonstrating its heuristic value for the academic discourse in Translation Studies. The analysis suggests that the potentialities of poetry translation are countless, both from a discursive and from a conceptual point of view.

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