Sciences infirmières - Publications // Nursing - Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10393/12908

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Nursing Theories Epistemic Space Data Visualization
(2025-05-19) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
This dashboard visualizes the findings from Beckstead & Beckstead’s (2006) paper “A multidimensional analysis of the epistemic origins of nursing theories, models, and frameworks.” The research positioned 20 influential nurse theorists in a three-dimensional “epistemic space” based on their patterns of citing scholars from different disciplines.
Research Network, Language Data and Resources for studying the health of Francophones in minority situation
(2023-06-06) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
This project aligns with the Official Languages Health Program goal of ‘developing innovative projects to better address health needs. By producing a detailed directory of all health databases in Canada and the linguistic variables they contain, we are providing researchers in the minority-language space with a powerful, open-access tool to support further research that will benefit official-language minorities. Background and Objectives Language barriers in healthcare settings can impede patient access to healthcare services, increase risks to patient safety, and decrease quality of care. Patient-provider language concordance may therefore be an important sociodemographic factor impacting health outcomes, particularly among minority Francophones and Allophones in Canada. However, the collection of language variables and their availability in health administrative data is limited, hindering research assessing language concordance as a determinant of health. The objective of this study is to build and validate a reference tool on linguistic information in health-administrative databases, with the aim of fostering collaboration in research that will improve the health services offered to official language minority communities (OLMCs). Methods We are creating a Canadian network of researchers, collaborators and users interested in research on the linguistic component of health services. The network will work on three specific objectives: (1) Review and update information on the availability of language variables in databases; (2) Determine the linguistic representation captured by the various variables and assess their reliability in identifying OLMCs; (3) Produce recommendations and resources to facilitate access to language data and the use of linguistic concepts and variables that promote research on the health of OLMCs. Results The project started at the end of 2022. To date, it has brought together a network of researchers and users. The research team is currently investigating the best way to construct a database of linguistic variables with associated metadata. Conclusions/Implications This presentation will give an overview of the project plan and describe the key milestones and deliverables, including what the access to language variables and metadata should look like. It is worth noting that this work should also benefit other minority communities, including migrant populations, as it will help researchers identify where language data is captured, including non-official languages.
La pénurie en psychiatrie : Des solutions au Canada pour le modèle français ?
(2023-10-19) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
Journée de réflexion sur le fonctionnement des structures psychiatriques en période de pénurie de personnels, médicaux et infirmiers. La pénurie de soignants en psychiatrie (médecins et infirmiers) est un enjeu maintenant bien reconnu, avec des perspectives d’aggravation à court terme. Les réponses à cette situation sont multifactorielles par nature, du fait de la complexité du phénomène. Mais si des réponses structurelles s’imposent, la pénurie de soignants est devenue une réalité au quotidien, qui amène souvent à des réponses d’urgence plus ou moins bien pensées. Il nous a ainsi paru important de dédier une journée de réflexion et d’échange à cette thématique en partageant, sous l’égide de la Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie santé mentale (FERREPSY Occitanie), un état des lieux des initiatives locales mises en place pour en tempérer les effets. Un regard sera par ailleurs porté sur des exemples de réorganisation à l’échelle internationale. Le but de cette journée n’est en effet ni de normaliser une situation critique, ni de prétendre en résoudre les causes. Il s’agit plutôt d’une façon de penser de façon collective un phénomène de portée internationale, pour se sentir moins isolé et peut-être moins impuissant.
Accélérer la recherche en sciences de la santé en facilitant l'accès aux données pour les chercheurs : un impératif pour les minorités linguistiques
(2024-05-15) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent; Bjerre, Lise M.
Les bases de données administratives sur la santé présentent plusieurs caractéristiques qui les rendent attrayantes pour la recherche en santé. Elles comprennent en effet tout d’abord des données populationnelles pour l'ensemble ou la majorité des individus d'une population donnée. Ensuite, elles englobent un large éventail de variables, notamment la démographie des patients, les diagnostics, les interventions et les résultats. Elles contiennent de plus des données collectées sur des périodes longues, allant jusqu’à plusieurs décennies. Enfin, ces bases de données incluent pour la plupart des identifiants uniques pour chaque individu, permettant ainsi de relier les données entre les bases. Ces données constituent par conséquent un outil de choix et permettent entre autres de réduire les biais, d’augmenter la puissance statistique, de créer des jeux de données complets, d’étudier les déterminants sociaux de la santé, de mener des analyses longitudinales, de diminuer les coûts de collecte, d’augmenter la confidentialité des données ainsi que de réduire le fardeau pour les participants et contribuer à l’amélioration de la qualité des données. Malgré la richesse de ces données collectées dans les provinces et territoires canadiens, l'existence de centres de données provinciaux dotés des ressources et de l'infrastructure nécessaires pour faciliter leur accès à des fins de recherche, et des cadres réglementaires contenant des dispositions explicites permettant aux chercheur·e·s d'y accéder, de plus en plus d'éléments indiquent que les chercheur·e·s rencontrent des difficultés lorsqu'ils tentent de les utiliser à des fins de recherche. Plus précisément, les chercheur·e·s font état de retards et de variations substantielles dans la rapidité d'accès aux données administratives de santé.
Stigma and Borderline Personality
(2023-06-14) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
Enhancing Lifeline Connections in Canada's National Capital Region (Ottawa) Virtual discussion where panelists from the Ottawa area discuss the needs, resources, clinical practices, research, and new initiatives for individuals and families affected by Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and emotion dysregulation. They also explore how the Ottawa Network for BPD (ON-BPD) and other stakeholders can more effectively reach and support members of different community groups living with mental illness such as BPD. This live event was originally presented on June 14, 2023.
A methodology to build causal models within critical realism
(2024-08-01) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent; Navarrete, Cristián
This proposal introduces a novel methodology for constructing causal models that seamlessly integrate with the multi-layered ontological framework of critical realism, aimed at enhancing understanding and intervention in complex social phenomena. Developed as part of a PhD project on the causal mechanisms leading to the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), this method employs directed acyclic graphs (DAG) to visually map and analyze causal pathways, facilitating both scholarly discourse and practical application in mental health research. The methodology is designed to be inherently interdisciplinary and adaptable across various domains, making it applicable to a broad range of disciplines beyond mental health. By leveraging the principles of grounded theory and expert knowledge elicitation along with existing literature, the approach ensures a rigorous empirical foundation, while the iterative nature of the model-building process supports continuous refinement and validation of the causal model. Central to this methodology is its commitment to collaboration and openness. Inspired by the model of free and open source software, it utilizes Git-based principles to allow for an open-source framework where models can be shared, modified, and enhanced by a community of researchers. This not only democratizes the research process but also promotes transparency in scientific inquiry. The application of this methodology to the study of BPD serves as a pivotal case study, demonstrating its potential to uncover nuanced causal relationships and foster a deeper understanding of psychiatric diagnoses within the critical realist paradigm.
Le bayésianisme : une épistémologie pour les sciences infirmières
(2024-05-13) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
Le bayésianisme est une approche philosophique qui considère la connaissance comme une entreprise de mise à jour des croyances basée sur des probabilités. Cette épistémologie est originaire du monde des statistiques où elle représente un paradigme concurrent du fréquentisme. En effet, dans les statistiques bayésiennes, une probabilité représente non pas la fréquence d’un événement, mais le degré de croyance en une théorie, également appelée crédence. En suivant cette logique, chaque nouvelle donnée permet donc de mettre à jour une crédence en une théorie. Les sciences infirmières, en raison de leur nature située au croisement de nombreuses autres disciplines telles que la sociologie, la psychologie ou la biologie, semblent être un domaine idéal où mettre en oeuvre une telle épistémologie. En effet, bien qu’il prenne sa source dans le monde des statistiques, le bayésianisme peut être appliqué à la recherche qualitative comme quantitative, et est adaptée à plusieurs paradigmes de recherche existants. Cette présentation s’attellera à expliquer le fonctionnement de cette épistémologie au travers de plusieurs exemples tirés de problématiques infirmières. Elle soulignera également comment le bayésianisme peut permettre une analyse de données intégrée dans le cadre d’un devis mixte.
Le bayésianisme : une boussole épistémologique pour les sciences infirmières
(2024-10-17) Martin-Schreiber, Vincent
Le bayésianisme représente une nouvelle façon de penser et de faire de la recherche en sciences infirmières. Cette approche, à la fois philosophique et statistique, permet de combiner des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour mieux comprendre des phénomènes complexes en constante évolution. Dans le présent article, j’explique comment j’utilise le bayésianisme dans ma thèse de doctorat pour explorer la production du diagnostic du trouble de personnalité limite (TPL).
The Elusive Silver Lining: Caring for Patients in the HIV/AIDS "War Zone". How Did Nurses Sustain It? Bene t-Finding Analysis
(2022) Jacob, Carl GA; Lagacé-Roy, Daniel; Lussier-Duynstee, Patricia
Using a review of literature consisting of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, this paper presents a narrative and graphic representation of the key concepts underpinning the benefits nurses perceived deriving from caring for patients during the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Our review indicates that benefits were seldom the focus of the literature and were mostly integrated within documents pertaining to the negative aspects of caring for these patients. In such a context, this research identified self-enhancement benefits in three domains (work benefits, work attributes, and work ethos), and self-actualization benefits in three domains (relationships, transformation, and humanity). During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are once again enticed to write scientific literature about the impact of caring in a "war zone". Using the underpinning concepts identified through the benefit-finding research in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, researchers could identify the many perceived benefits nurses derive from caring for infected patients during this pandemic.
Patients’ and parents’ perspectives of and experiences with assessing nursing students’ paediatric clinical practice
(2020) Balasa, Rebecca; Chartrand, Julie; Moreau, Katherine; Tousignant, Kelley; Eady, Kaylee
Purpose: To explore patients’ and parents’ involvement in the formative assessment of undergraduate nursing students’ paediatric clinical practice. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with paediatric patients between 14 to 18 years old and parents who received care from a nursing student while admitted to a paediatric tertiary care hospital in Canada. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis as well as Lincoln and Guba's criteria for establishing trustworthiness. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) checklist was completed for the quality appraisal of this article. Findings: Three categories emerged from the data: 1) how patients and parents are currently involved in the formative assessment of nursing students’ paediatric clinical practice; 2) how patients and parents would prefer to be involved in the formative assessment of nursing students’ paediatric clinical practice; and 3) the potential benefits and challenges of involving patients and parents in the formative assessment of nursing students’ paediatric clinical practice. Conclusion: This study provided an understanding of patients’ and parents’ past encounters with nursing students and the elements of care that they have assessed as well as those that they would prefer to assess and provide feedback on, while considering the potential benefits and challenges of their involvement. The findings of this study will assist clinical instructors in determining how and when to involve patients and parents in the assessment of nursing students. Academic institutions offering nursing programmes should consider the study findings when improving or changing formative assessment strategies.
Interventions for Indigenous Peoples Making Health Decisions: A Systematic Review
(2013) Jull, Janet; Crispo, James; Welch, Vivian; MacDonald, Heather; Brascoupe, Simon; Boyer, Yvonne; Stacey, Dawn
Background: In general populations, shared decision making (SDM) facilitates care provider and consumer collaboration for informed health decisions. This study identifies SDM interventions to support Indigenous peoples making health decisions. Methods: A systematic review developed in dialogue with stakeholders using the Cochrane Handbook. A comprehensive search was conducted of electronic databases including all dates to present. Two independent researchers screened and quality appraised included studies. Findings were analyzed descriptively and reported using guidelines for equity focused systematic reviews. Results: Of 1,769 citations screened, 1 study was eligible for inclusion. This study was a randomized control trial rated as low quality for randomization and unclear for the other risk of bias criteria (allocation concealment, performance, detection, attrition, reporting bias). The study was conducted in the US with 44 students ages 11–13, and representative of Pueblo, Navajo, Hopi, and Jicarilla Apache Indian Nations. A culturally relevant tool assessed student decision-making skills before and after intervention. Students demonstrated increased decision making knowledge and were able to apply a four-step decision-making process to health situations. Conclusions: There is a lack of studies evaluating SDM among Indigenous peoples. One study demonstrated that a culturally relevant approach improved knowledge and application of decision-making skills. Further studies are needed.
Beyond solicitousness: A comprehensive review on informal pain-related social support
(2017) Bernardes, Sónia; Forgeron, Paula; Fournier, Karine; Reszel, Jessica
Adults with chronic pain cite social support (SS) as an important resource. Research has mostly focused on general SS or pain-specific solicitousness, resulting in a limited understanding of the role of SS in pain experiences. Drawing on SS theoretical models, this review aimed to understand how pain-related SS has been conceptualized and measured and how its relationship with pain experiences has been investigated. Arksey and O´Malley’s scoping review framework guided the study. A database search (2000-2015) was conducted in PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE using a combination of subject headings/keywords on pain and SS; 3864 citations were screened; 101 full texts were assessed for eligibility; references of 52 papers were hand searched. Fifty-three studies were included. Most studies were either a-theoretical or drew upon the operant conditioning model. There are several self-report measures and observational systems to operationalize pain-related SS. However, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory remains the most often used, accounting for the centrality of the concept of solicitousness in the literature. Most studies focused on individuals with chronic pain (ICPs) self-report of spousal pain-related SS and investigated its main effects on pain outcomes. Only a minority investigated the role of pain SS within the stress and coping process (as a buffer or mediator). Little is known about mediating pathways, contextual modulation of the effectiveness of SS exchanges and there are practically no SS-based intervention studies. Drawing on general SS models, the main gaps in pain-related SS research are discussed and research directions for moving this literature beyond solicitousness are proposed.
Transition à la pratique infirmière : Adaptation et validation transculturelle des outils Casey-Fink
(2018) Lamont, Michelle; Dagenais, Gabrielle; Lalonde, Michelle; Vanderspank, Brandi
Measuring the effectiveness of mentoring as a knowledge translation intervention for implementing empirical evidence: a systematic review
(2014-10) Abdullah, Ghadah; Rossy, Dianne; Ploeg, Jenny; Davies, Barbara; Higuchi, Kathryn; Sikora, Lindsey; Stacey, Dawn
BACKGROUND: Mentoring as a knowledge translation (KT) intervention uses social influence among healthcare professionals to increase use of evidence in clinical practice. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of mentoring as a KT intervention designed to increase healthcare professionals' use of evidence in clinical practice. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, CINAHL), grey literature, and hand searching. Eligible studies evaluated mentoring of healthcare professionals responsible for patient care to enhance the uptake of evidence into practice. Mentoring is defined as (a) a mentor more experienced than mentee; (b) individualized support based on mentee's needs; and (c) involved in an interpersonal relationship as indicated by mutual benefit, engagement, and commitment. Two reviewers independently screened citations for eligibility, extracted data, and appraised quality of studies. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Of 10,669 citations from 1988 to 2012, 10 studies were eligible. Mentoring as a KT intervention was evaluated in Canada, USA, and Australia. Exposure to mentoring compared to no mentoring improved some behavioral outcomes (one study). Compared to controls or other multifaceted interventions, multifaceted interventions with mentoring improved practitioners' knowledge (four of five studies), beliefs (four of six studies), and impact on organizational outcomes (three of four studies). There were mixed findings for changes in professionals' behaviors and impact on practitioners' and patients' outcomes: some outcomes improved, while others showed no difference. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Only one study evaluated the effectiveness of mentoring alone as a KT intervention and showed improvement in some behavioral outcomes. The other nine studies that evaluated the effectiveness of mentoring as part of a multifaceted intervention showed mixed findings, making it difficult to determine the added effect of mentoring. Further research is needed to identify effective mentoring as a KT intervention.
Delirium as letting go: an ethnographic analysis of hospice care and family moral experience
(2015-04-15) Wright, David Kenneth; Brajtman, Susan; Cragg, Betty; Macdonald, Mary Ellen
Background: Delirium is extremely common in dying patients, and appears to be a major threat to the family’s moral experience of a good death in end-of-life care. Aim: To illustrate one of the ways in which hospice caregivers conceptualize end-of-life delirium, and the significance of this conceptualization for the relationships that they form with patients’ families in the hospice setting. Design: Ethnography. Setting/participants: Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted at a nine-bed, freestanding residential hospice, located in a suburban community of eastern Canada. Data collection methods included 15 months of participant observation, 28 semi-structured audio-recorded interviews with hospice caregivers, and document analysis. Results: Hospice caregivers draw on a culturally established framework of normal dying to help families come to terms with clinical end-of-life phenomena, including delirium. By offering explanations about delirium as a natural feature of the dying process, hospice caregivers strive to protect for families the integrity of the good death ideal. Conclusions: Within hospice culture, there is usefulness to deemphasizing delirium as a pathological neuropsychiatric complication, in favour of acknowledging delirious changes as signs of normal dying. This has implications for how we understand the role of nurses and other caregivers with respect to delirium assessment and care, which to date has focused largely on practices of screening and management.
Treatment adherence redefined: a critical analysis of technotherapeutics
(2012) Gagnon, Marilou; Jacob, Jean Daniel; Guta, Adrian
Treatment adherence issues in the context of chronic illnesses have become an important concern worldwide and a top priority in the field of health-care. The development of devices that will allow healthcare providers to track treatment adherence and monitor physiological parameters with exact precision raises important questions and concerns. The aim of this study is to interrogate the use of these new technological devices which allow for previously unavailable data to be recorded on an ongoing basis and transmitted via a tiny microchip inserted into the body. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, we analyze how this anatomo- political and bio-political instrument serves to discipline chronically ill individuals and govern the health of entire populations who suffer from chronic conditions. To support our analysis, this article comprises three sections. First, we provide an overview of treatment adherence and technotherapeutics. Then, we explain how technotherapeutics concern the government of bodies and conducts at the individual level and population level more generally. Lastly, we provide an example of how this analysis can be connected to routine nursing practice in the field of HIV.
Nondisclosure prosecutions and population health outcomes: examining HIV testing, HIV diagnoses, and the attitudes of men who have sex with men following nondisclosure prosecution media releases in Ottawa, Canada
(2013-04-29) O’Byrne, Patrick; Willmore, Jacqueline; Bryan, Alyssa; Friedman, Dara S.; Hendriks, Andrew; Horvath, Cynthia; Massenat, Dominique; Bouchard, Christiane; Remis, Robert S.; Etches, Vera
Background: During the past decade, the intersection of HIV and criminal law has become increasingly discussed. The majority of studies to date have approached this topic from a sociological or legal perspective. As a result, the potential effect of nondisclosure prosecutions on population health and HIV prevention work remains mostly unknown. Methods: A descriptive quantitative-qualitative study was undertaken to examine HIV testing, HIV diagnoses, and the attitudes of men who have sex with men following regional media releases about a local nondisclosure prosecution. As part of this study, first, we reviewed the trends in HIV testing and HIV diagnoses from 2008 through 2011 in Ottawa, Canada. Second, we explored the attitudes and beliefs of local MSM about HIV, HIV prevention, HIV serostatus disclosure, nondisclosure prosecutions, and public health. Results: Quantitatively, the findings of this study revealed that, in comparison to the period preceding the media releases about a local nondisclosure prosecution, HIV testing and HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men did not significantly change after the media releases of interest. Qualitatively, a subgroup of 27 men who have sex with men (12 HIV-positive, 15 HIV-negative) noted their beliefs that the local public health department openly shares information about people living with HIV with the police. Moreover, some HIV-positive participants stated that this perceived association between the local public health department and police services caused them to not access public health department services, notwithstanding their desires to seek assistance in maintaining safer sexual practices. Conclusions: Nondisclosure prosecutions likely undermine HIV prevention efforts.
Mining the Management Literature for Insights into Implementing Evidence-Based Change in Healthcare
(2012) Harlos, Karen; Tetroe, Jacqueline; Graham, Ian D.; Bird, Madeleine; Robinson, Nicole
Objective: We synthesized the management and health literatures for insights into implementing evidence-based change in healthcare drawn from industry-specific data. Because change principles based on evidence often fail to be translated into organizational practice or policy, we sought studies at the nexus of organizational change and knowledge translation. Methods: We reviewed five top management journals to identify an initial pool of 3,091 studies, which yielded a final sample of 100 studies. Data were abstracted, verified by the original authors and revised before entry into a database. We employed a systematic narrative synthesis approach using words and text to distill data and explain relationships. We categorized studies by varying levels of relevance for knowledge translation as (1) primary, direct; (2) intermediate; and (3) secondary, indirect. We also identified recurring categories of change-related organizational factors. The current analysis examines these factors in studies of primary relevance to knowledge translation, which we also coded for intervention readiness to reflect how readily change can be implemented. Preliminary Results and Conclusions: Results centred on five change-related categories: Tailoring the Intervention Message; Institutional Links/Social Networks; Training; Quality of Work Relationships; and Fit to Organization. In particular, networks across institutional and individual levels appeared as prominent pathways for changing healthcare organizations. Power dynamics, positive social relations and team structures also played key roles in implementing change and translating it into practice. We analyzed journals in which first authors of these studies typically publish, and found evidence that management and health sciences remain divided. Bridging these disciplines through research syntheses promises a wealth of evidence and insights, well worth mining in the search for change that works in healthcare transformation.
Exploring how IBCLCs manage ethical dilemmas: a qualitative study
(2012) Noel-Weiss, Joy; Cragg, Betty; Woodend, A Kirsten
Background: Professional health care practice should be based on ethical decisions and actions. When there are competing ethical standards or principles, one must choose between two or more competing options. This study explores ethical dilemmas experienced by International Board Certified Lactation Consultants. Methods: The investigator interviewed seven International Board Certified Lactation Consultants and analyzed the interviews using qualitative research methods. Results: "Staying Mother-Centred" emerged as the overall theme. It encompassed six categories that emerged as steps in managing ethical dilemmas: 1) recognizing the dilemma; 2) identifying context; 3) determining choices; 4) strategies used; 5) results and choices the mother made; and 6) follow-up. The category, "Strategies used", was further analyzed and six sub-themes emerged: building trust; diffusing situations; empowering mothers; finding balance; providing information; and setting priorities. Conclusions: This study provides a framework for understanding how International Board Certified Lactation Consultants manage ethical dilemmas. Although the details of their stories changed, the essence of the experience remained quite constant with the participants making choices and acting to support the mothers. The framework could be the used for further research or to develop tools to support IBCLCs as they manage ethical dilemmas and to strengthen the profession with a firm ethics foundation.
Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research
(2012) Noel-Weiss, Joy; Boersma, Sonya; Kujawa-Myles, Sonya
Background The aim of this paper is to examine how breastfeeding is defined for research purposes. Discussion Current breastfeeding definitions focus on the amount of breast milk an infant receives and do not encompass how a baby is fed. Our concerns are that key variables are not measured when mothers are pumping or expressing their milk and bottle feeding. It seems the breastfeeding relationship is not considered in the definition. Conclusion While we appreciate the implications of full versus partial breastfeeding in research studies, we also believe the method of infant feeding to be significant. Researchers should develop new definitions.

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