Repatriation as a Controversial Concept: The Case of Somali Refugees in Kenya

Abstract

Repatriation is currently considered the preferred durable solution for refugees; however, it is often a controversial concept that does not always serve refugees. Repatriation is promoted due to the political and self-interested motives of UNHCR, states of origin and host states. In addition to this, the standard of voluntary repatriation is frequently not upheld in practice, despite its importance for refugee protection. The case of Somali refugees in Kenya exemplifies this, as repatriation is being promoted even though the conditions in Somalia are not yet conducive for return. This paper shows that current repatriation efforts are the result of key stakeholders' motives (UNHCR, Governments of Kenya and Somalia) and refugees are returning prematurely due to multiple push factors in Kenya. Consequently, this is neither a voluntary return nor a durable solution for Somali refugees in Kenya and compromises their protection.