Doing Isn't Enough: Why "I Am" and "We Are" is More Autonomously Motivating Than "I Do"

Abstract

This dissertation examines how subtle differences in identity-referencing language affect motivation and behavior. Specifically, it compares copular phrases (e.g., "I am a runner") to verbal action phrases (e.g., "I run") across two empirical papers. The first paper demonstrates that copular phrasing strengthens identity-congruent behavior and team performance by increasing integrated autonomy. The second paper identifies boundary conditions based on self-construal: individuals with independent self-views respond more strongly to "I am" phrasing, while those with interdependent self-views are equally or more motivated by action-based language. Together, these studies show that identity-expressive language not only influences goal pursuit but also interacts with how people define themselves. This research offers theoretical and practical insights into the role of language in shaping motivation, performance, and identity-driven decision-making.