Implementation of Traditional Knowledge in Mental Health Policy: Learning from the Cases of the Inuit, the Haida and the Maori

Abstract

This paper considers the Aboriginal population in Canada (composed of First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples) and explores the hypothesis that the degree to which traditional knowledge concepts, specifically in the area of mental health, is impacted by the extent to which a given population has achieved self-government. Additionally, from a public policy standpoint, this study – using a single case comparison methodology – examines the gap between intentions outlined in policy formulation stage guidance documents, indicating that the Canadian federal government intends to incorporate traditional knowledge to a greater degree, and evidence present at the policy implementation and budgeting stage, where it is clear that the application of the guidance does not always result in the stated outcome. By looking at similarities and differences between the case populations, this study will highlight some successes in the field of mental health policy, assess the challenges that policymakers face in the area of Aboriginal health, and offer suggestions to arrive at a place in the future where fundamental mental health disparities have been reduced for Aboriginal people in Canada.