Impact of Nutrition Policy and Food Innovation in Mitigating Micronutrient Malnutrition in Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction – Malnutrition is still endemic in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite several efforts to mitigate this. Triple-burden of malnutrition – undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient malnutrition are important issues of public health concern because it affects more than ten percent of the population. The nutrition policies governing an area play a significant role in providing guidelines for interventions and programs geared towards solving problems in health and nutrition among their population. The burden of malnutrition is high in Nigeria especially in the rural areas, but, also in urban areas as well. Methods – Using a cross-sectional qualitative research method, we examined the lived experiences of members of the public – mothers and fathers of children under-five years old in Anambra and Ebonyi states in Nigeria, using focus group discussions segregated by gender. We also examined policymakers and implementer’s perspectives on biofortification and baby friendly initiatives in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, using in-depth interview method. A policy document National Agriculture Technology Innovation Policy [NATIP] was reviewed using the critical discourse analysis method. Results – The critical discourse analysis method revealed enablers and barriers to positive implementation of the policy document and recommendations were proffered. The in-depth interview method demonstrated the efficacy of baby friendly initiatives in the locations studied, and showed how improvements were necessary regarding acceptance and consumption of biofortified foods. Finally, the focus group discussions brought to limelight the depths of food insecurity among the population studied. Conclusion – Research results will help guide policy. However, the government is the major player in terms of establishing appropriate and effective nutrition interventions and backing these up with political commitments.