Excellence in the performing arts: A study of elite musicians' mental readiness to perform.

Abstract

Sixteen elite classical musicians from six countries were interviewed to explore and document their mental readiness to excel and to assess the relevance of Orlick's model of excellence (1989) to musical excellence. Five of Orlick's components were found to be common among elite musicians: an extremely high level of commitment, a clear focus on the music, an ability to refocus, highly developed imagery (or visualization) skills and constructive performance evaluation. Musicians do not have very specific or detailed mental preparation plans for practicing or for performing; they prefer to follow general guidelines. Three qualities were added to the list of skills/qualities required to excel in music: spontaneity, creativity and flexibility. Other determining factors in the musician's level of excellence were the nature of their goals, the perspective they carry into their musical endeavours and their abiding love and enjoyment of music. Problems encountered are discussed and future avenues of research are suggested.