Focus and refocusing techniques used by elite marathon runners

Abstract

Although existing literature shows that the ability to focus is among the most important mental skills necessary for optimal performance (Krane & Williams, 2006; Orlick, 2008; Orlick & Partington, 1988), little is known about the focusing techniques that elite marathon runners apply to perform at an optimal level. In-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 elite international marathon runners examined what elite marathon runners focus on when they perform their best, and the techniques they use to refocus. Essential elements of focus were being positive, in the moment, having body awareness, and a progressively increasing intensity of focus. Elite marathon runners refocused through distractions by accepting control and lack of control, turning negatives into positives, and replacing the distraction with something else. This knowledge can potentially be applied to other athletes, thus helping them enhance their focus and their subsequent performances.