Diet quality and Body Mass Index in 4 and 6 year old children: A prospective study using data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development

Abstract

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. The diets of children have shifted from nutrient-dense foods to energy-dense, nutrient-dilute foods. Using data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, this study aims to identify the nutritional factors related to BMI at 4 and 6 years and weight change from 4 to 6 years. This study also compares the diets of normal and overweight/obese children according to the DRI standards set by Health Canada. Associations were examined using chi-square tests, and multivariate linear and logistic regressions. The nutrition variables which appear to consistently be associated with overweight and/or BMI are linolenic acid, saturated fat and grain products. A significant difference in linolenic acid, phosphorous and iron was found between healthy weight and overweight/obese children. Also, meeting the DRI recommendations of various nutrients differs among children from various demographic and socioeconomic groups.