A Role for the Phosphoinositide Lipid Kinase PI4KIIIbeta in Breast Oncogenesis and Akt Activation

Abstract

The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III β (PI4KIIIβ) phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to generate PI(4)P in the Golgi. PI4KIIIβ is likely involved in the development of breast cancer as it has been reported genetically amplified in a subset of human breast tumours and is a downstream effector of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2), a transforming gene that is amplified and highly expressed in approximately 60% of human breast tumours. The goal of my thesis is to investigate a role for PI4KIIIβ in breast oncogenesis. We show that PI4KIIIβ is highly expressed in approximately 20% of primary human breast tumours. Overexpression of PI4KIIIβ in an invasive breast ductal carcinomas cell line, BT549, increased the production of filopodial actin filament protrusions and enhanced in vitro proliferative capacity. Enhanced PI4KIIIβ expression did not impact the migratory rate of these breast cancer cells. We found that PI4KIIIβ expression activates Akt kinase in the BT549 breast cancer cell line. PI4KIIIβ overexpression led to an increase in the plasma membrane abundance of the PI3K derived PI(3,4,5)P3/PI(3,4)P2 lipids, upstream activators of Akt signalling. PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 are precursors to PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 generation, however, no changes in the overall cellular abundance or localization of PI(4)P or PI(4,5)P2 were detected in PI4KIIIβ-overexpressing cells. Inhibition of PI4KIIIβ kinase activity, using the drug Pik93, had no effect on PI4KIIIβ-mediated Akt activation. Additionally, ectopic expression of a catalytically inactive PI4KIIIβ also led to increased Akt activity and PI(3,4,5)P3/PI(3,4)P2 plasma membrane abundance. Together, this implies that PI4KIIIβ regulates Akt independently of PI(4)P generation. The PI4KIIIβ interacting protein, Rab11, is likely involved in PI4KIIIβ mediated Akt activation, as RNAi-mediated depletion of Rab11 suppressed the effect of PI4KIIIβ overexpression on Akt activation. Furthermore, PI4KIIIβ overexpression altered cellular Rab11 distribution and led to enhanced recruitment of PI4KIIIβ and Rab11 to recycling endosomes. Therefore, PI4KIIIβ is highly expressed in a subset of breast tumours and upregulated PI4KIIIβ expression enhances filopodia production and cell growth in vitro. Enhanced PI4KIIIβ expression increases PI(3,4,5)P3/PI(3,4)P2 plasma membrane abundance and Akt activation independently of its kinase function, through a mechanism that likely involves Rab11. This work suggests that PI4KIIIβ impacts breast oncogenesis by regulating PI3K/Akt signalling through Rab11 and endosomal trafficking.