Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Community Health Nursing as a Career

Abstract

Background: There has been an increasing shift in patient care from the acute hospital setting to the community. Nurses play an essential role as part of the community health care workforce; however, only a limited number of baccalaureate nursing students tend to choose a career in community health nursing after graduation. There is currently a gap in knowledge surrounding nursing students’ perception of a career in Community Health Nursing and the issues influencing their career choice upon graduation. Purpose: To explore issues that influence career choice in community health nursing from the perspective of baccalaureate nursing students. Research Methodology: The study was guided by a descriptive qualitative research approach. Individual semi-guided interviews and focus groups were conducted with 11 nursing students and a group of key stakeholders to share their thoughts on pursuing a career in community health nursing and the factors that enabled or hindered their decision making. Thematic analysis of the interview and focus group data generated relevant themes. Findings: Five major themes were revealed from study. These are 1) defining community health nursing, 2) the clinical practicum experience, 3) stereotypes of community health nursing, 4) societal trends and expectations, and 5) issues influencing career choice in community health nursing. Discussion and Implications: The personal and contextual factors influencing the perceptions and attitudes of students towards pursuing community health nursing were discussed. Existing literature was integrated into the discussion of the many factors that both motivated and hindered baccalaureate nursing students from pursuing community health nursing. The underrepresentation of new graduates in community health nursing calls for directed efforts by community health nursing organizations and the university to improve the situation. Conscientious efforts need to be made to provide students with knowledge and information surrounding the roles of community health nurses and the opportunities for nursing students and nurses in community health nursing settings. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness about community health nursing in order for nursing students to understand the importance and impact it has on the health status of communities and healthcare delivery infrastructure. Nursing education programs would be an ideal platform for this awareness-raising and facilitate student nurses decision to pursue community health nursing as a career.