Can We Achieve Culturally Safe Cancer Care: A Critical Thematic Analysis of First Nation Cancer Care Experience

Abstract

Despite significant advances in cancer prevention, detection, and treatment, Indigenous Canadians continue to experience markedly poorer health outcomes and lower survival rates from cancer and cancer-related illnesses compared to non-Indigenous Canadians. These disparities stem from systemic failures within the healthcare system to meet the unique needs of Indigenous patients and their families, resulting in deep mistrust toward the Western biomedical model of care. In recent years, the concept of cultural safety has emerged within the nursing profession as the dominant model for the delivery of culturally appropriate and sensitive care that helps to mitigate the effects of discrimination, stigma, and marginalization in healthcare contexts. This study, conducted in the Algonquins of Pikwakanagan First Nation community, examines community members’ experiences within the cancer care system and explores strategies for achieving culturally safe cancer care. Using secondary analysis of qualitative data collected through sharing circles, focus groups, and interviews with cancer survivors, family members, and healthcare providers, the study investigates how First Nations people navigate cancer care. Guided by a critical disability theoretical framework, the analysis interrogates the intersections of power, ableism, colonialism, and neoliberalism in shaping health outcomes. Findings reveal the harmful consequences of a biomedical system where treatment options are limited, and care is accessible only outside the community. Recommendations emphasize the urgent need for a new dimension of care that respects and integrates Indigenous knowledge systems.